Mewis Valentine, Wendt Martin, Schmitt Thomas
Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Systematik und Biogeographie, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF) e.V, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 14;15(1):1956. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84551-5.
The genus Erebia comprises numerous species in Europe. Due to preference of cold environments, most species have disjunct distributions in the European mountain systems. However, their biogeographical patterns may differ significantly. The Bright-eyed ringlet Erebia oeme is widespread in high-altitude grasslands of the European high mountains, hence showing a disjunct distribution pattern. Over its distribution, E. oeme shows high morphological variability indicating pronounced intraspecific differentiation. We analysed two mitochondrial (COI, Cytb) and eight nuclear markers as well as the Wolbachia surface protein-coding gene (WSP). A total of four lineages were identified: two Balkan lineages, one Slovenian lineage as well as one lineage containing all other individuals (Alps, Massif Central, Pyrenees). COI data only indicate a fifth lineage in the southern Carpathians. The region of origin of E. oeme is most likely the western Balkans. From here, E. oeme spread to the eastern Balkan area and further to the southern Carpathians as well as to Slovenia, from where it rapidly crossed the Alps to Massif Central and Pyrenees. Wolbachia was found to be highly prevalent with multiple strains, partly within one population. However, recent Wolbachia impact on the mitochondrial DNA and consequently influence on the intraspecific genetic structure was not detected.
厄瑞玻斯属在欧洲包含众多物种。由于偏好寒冷环境，大多数物种在欧洲山脉系统中呈间断分布。然而，它们的生物地理模式可能有显著差异。亮眼环蝶厄瑞玻斯欧墨广泛分布于欧洲高山的高海拔草原，因此呈现间断分布模式。在其分布范围内，欧墨表现出高度的形态变异性，表明存在明显的种内分化。我们分析了两个线粒体标记（COI、Cytb）、八个核标记以及沃尔巴克氏体表面蛋白编码基因（WSP）。共鉴定出四个谱系：两个巴尔干谱系、一个斯洛文尼亚谱系以及一个包含所有其他个体的谱系（阿尔卑斯山、中央高原、比利牛斯山）。仅COI数据表明在南喀尔巴阡山脉存在第五个谱系。欧墨最可能的起源地是巴尔干半岛西部。从这里，欧墨扩散到巴尔干半岛东部地区，进而到南喀尔巴阡山脉以及斯洛文尼亚，从那里它迅速越过阿尔卑斯山到达中央高原和比利牛斯山。发现沃尔巴克氏体高度流行且有多种菌株，部分存在于一个种群内。然而，未检测到近期沃尔巴克氏体对线粒体DNA的影响以及因此对种内遗传结构的影响。
