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阿尔及利亚西北部提亚雷特省四个市镇中侵袭牛的硬蜱种类的鉴定、季节流行情况及偏好附着部位

Identification, seasonal prevalence, and preferred attachment sites of ixodid tick species infesting cattle in four municipalities of the province of Tiaret, northwest Algeria.

作者信息

Hamza Achour, Mokhtaria Kouidri, Ammar Selles Sidi Mohammed, Taha Bia

机构信息

Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Tiaret, Algeria.

Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Farm Animal Products, University of Tiaret, Tiaret, 14000, Algeria.

出版信息

Exp Appl Acarol. 2025 Jan 14;94(1):24. doi: 10.1007/s10493-024-00994-5.

Abstract

Ixodid ticks are important disease vectors that significantly impact animal health and cause considerable economic losses, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries. The aim of the present study was to determine the identity, seasonal distribution, and preferred attachment sites of adult ixodid tick species of cattle in four municipalities (Aïn El Hadid, Sidi Bakhti, Mechraa Safa, and Sidi Hosni) of the Province of Tiaret (north-west Algeria) between May 2022 and May 2023. A total of 317 cattle were randomly selected and examined for tick infestation; 108 (34.07%; 95% CI 28-39) were found to be infested by one or more species of ticks. The mean intensity of tick infestation was 16.22 ± 18.45 ticks per individual, while the mean abundance was 5.53 ± 13.21 ticks per examined cattle. Overall, 1,752 adult ixodid ticks were collected and identified, including 1,353 males and 399 females. Three genus and nine tick species were identified, including, H. excavatum (43.78%), H. marginatum (20.15%), H. lusitanicum (18.32%), H. scupense (8.73%), R. bursa (7.53%), H. impeltatum (0.74%), R. (Boophilus) annulatus (0.46%), R. sanguineus sensu lato (0.23%), and D. marginatus (0.06%). The highest discrepancy indices (D) were recorded for H. impeltatum (0.98), while the lowest was observed for H. excavatum (0.88). The overall discrepancy (D) values range from 0.88 to 0.98, indicating significant seasonal variability in the aggregation of ixodid ticks. The highest infestation rate recorded was in Ain El Hadid at 100%, followed by Sidi Bakhti at 79.76%, Mechraa Safa at 10.53%, and Sidi Hosni at 9.79%. H. excavatum, H. marginatum, H. lusitanicum, H. scupense, H. impeltatum, R. bursa, and R. (Boophilus) annulatus displayed significant variation across municipalities (p < 0.001). Seasonally, the highest abundance of adult ixodid tick infestations occurred in summer (38.01%), while the lowest was observed in autumn (17.29%). Significant seasonal variations were observed in the abundance of H. excavatum, H. marginatum, H. lusitanicum, and R. bursa (p < 0.001). Tick distribution was highest in zone 5 (95.43%), which includes the sternum, abdomen, udder, scrotum, and inner sides of the hind legs, while the lowest occurrence was in zone 1 (0.06%), which includes the head and ears. H. excavatum and H. lusitanicum showed a significant preference for Zone 5 (p < 0.001). The findings from the current study serve as a foundation for creating effective strategies to control tick populations on cattle in the Tiaret province.

摘要

硬蜱是重要的疾病传播媒介,对动物健康有重大影响,并造成相当大的经济损失,尤其是在热带和亚热带国家。本研究的目的是确定2022年5月至2023年5月期间阿尔及利亚西北部提亚雷特省四个市镇(艾因·哈迪德、西迪·巴赫蒂、梅赫拉·萨法和西迪·霍斯尼)牛身上成年硬蜱种类的身份、季节分布和偏好附着部位。总共随机挑选了317头牛检查蜱虫感染情况;发现108头(34.07%;95%置信区间28 - 39)感染了一种或多种蜱虫。蜱虫感染的平均强度为每头牛16.22±18.45只蜱虫,而平均丰度为每头检查牛5.53±13.21只蜱虫。总体而言,共收集并鉴定出1752只成年硬蜱,其中包括1353只雄性和399只雌性。鉴定出三个属和九个蜱虫种类,包括,掘洞硬蜱(43.78%)、缘硬蜱(20.15%)、卢氏硬蜱(18.32%)、盾硬蜱(8.73%)、具沟硬蜱(7.53%)、针刺硬蜱(0.74%)、环形牛蜱(0.46%)、血红扇头蜱(狭义)(0.23%)和边缘革蜱(0.06%)。针刺硬蜱的差异指数(D)最高,为0.98,而掘洞硬蜱最低,为0.88。总体差异(D)值在0.88至0.98之间,表明硬蜱聚集存在显著的季节变化。记录到的最高感染率在艾因·哈迪德,为100%,其次是西迪·巴赫蒂,为79.76%,梅赫拉·萨法为10.53%,西迪·霍斯尼为9.79%。掘洞硬蜱、缘硬蜱、卢氏硬蜱、盾硬蜱、针刺硬蜱、具沟硬蜱和环形牛蜱在不同市镇间表现出显著差异(p < 0.001)。从季节上看,成年硬蜱感染丰度最高出现在夏季(38.01%),而最低出现在秋季(17.29%)。掘洞硬蜱、缘硬蜱、卢氏硬蜱和具沟硬蜱的丰度存在显著的季节差异(p < 0.001)。蜱虫分布在第5区最高(95.43%),该区包括胸骨、腹部、乳房、阴囊和后腿内侧,而在第1区最低(0.06%),该区包括头部和耳朵。掘洞硬蜱和卢氏硬蜱对第5区表现出显著偏好(p < 0.001)。本研究结果为制定有效策略控制提亚雷特省牛身上的蜱虫种群奠定了基础。

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