Ruiz-Fons Francisco, Fernández-de-Mera Isabel G, Acevedo Pelayo, Höfle Ursula, Vicente Joaquín, de la Fuente José, Gortazár Christian
Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
Vet Parasitol. 2006 Aug 31;140(1-2):133-42. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.033. Epub 2006 May 3.
Commercial hunting of Spanish wild ungulates has made them an important economic resource. Wild ungulates may have an important role in the maintenance of ixodid tick populations, and also as reservoirs of pathogens. We studied the ixodid ticks that parasitize Iberian red deer and European wild boar from Spain. Ixodid ticks (n=6,336) were collected from 431 Iberian red deer and 142 wild boar in different regions of Spain. We found 10 different ixodid tick species parasitizing Iberian red deer, mainly Hyalomma marginatum marginatum (63.7%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (7.9%) and R. bursa (7.5%). R. (Boophilus) annulatus was only collected in the province of Cádiz (southern Spain). We found 8 ixodid tick species on the wild boar, mainly Hy. m. marginatum (68.7%), R. bursa (14.6%) and Dermacentor marginatus (9.3%). We found one adult Hy. marginatum rufipes and one adult Hy. anatolicum excavatum parasitizing wild boar from south-central Spain. Mean prevalence of ixodid ticks was 41.3+/-0.08% (n=475) and 31+/-0.09% (n=284) and intensity of parasitization was 13.9+/-0.2 (n=283) and 13.6+/-0.3 (n=130) ticks/animal for Iberian red deer and wild boar, respectively. Only 5 of the 13 ixodid tick species found were shared by Iberian red deer and wild boar. This finding could indicate a host preference when Iberian red deer and wild boar share common habitats. In both Iberian red deer and wild boar from south-central Spain the monthly relative frequencies of Hy. m. marginatum and R. bursa presented an inverse pattern. The highest Hy. m. marginatum relative frequencies coincided with the lowest R. bursa relative frequencies along the year. R. bursa and I. ricinus were present in areas from northern to southern Spain while Hyalomma sp. and D. marginatus were exclusively collected in the two southern thirds of Spain. Haemaphysalis sp. and D. reticulatus were collected in northern Spain. Hy. m. marginatum and R. bursa were present during the whole year in red deer and wild boar from south-central Spain, showing more than one life cycle per year. These results are important for understanding the role of wild ungulates in the maintenance of tick infestations and to improve tick control programmes.
对西班牙野生有蹄类动物的商业捕猎使其成为一种重要的经济资源。野生有蹄类动物在维持硬蜱种群数量方面可能具有重要作用，同时也是病原体的宿主。我们研究了寄生于西班牙伊比利亚马鹿和欧洲野猪身上的硬蜱。在西班牙不同地区，从431只伊比利亚马鹿和142头野猪身上采集了硬蜱（n = 6336只）。我们发现有10种不同的硬蜱寄生于伊比利亚马鹿，主要是边缘璃眼蜱指名亚种（63.7%）、微小牛蜱（7.9%）和柏氏扇头蜱（7.5%）。微小牛蜱仅在加的斯省（西班牙南部）采集到。在野猪身上发现了8种硬蜱，主要是边缘璃眼蜱指名亚种（68.7%）、柏氏扇头蜱（14.6%）和边缘革蜱（9.3%）。我们发现一只成年的红棕璃眼蜱和一只成年的安纳托利亚璃眼蜱寄生于西班牙中南部的野猪身上。伊比利亚马鹿和野猪的硬蜱平均感染率分别为41.3±0.08%（n = 475）和31±0.09%（n = 284），平均寄生强度分别为13.9±0.2（n = 2)和13.6±0.3（n = 130）只/动物。在发现的13种硬蜱中，只有5种同时寄生于伊比利亚马鹿和野猪。这一发现可能表明，当伊比利亚马鹿和野猪共享共同栖息地时，存在宿主偏好。在西班牙中南部的伊比利亚马鹿和野猪身上，边缘璃眼蜱指名亚种和柏氏扇头蜱的月相对频率呈现相反的模式。全年中，边缘璃眼蜱指名亚种的最高相对频率与柏氏扇头蜱的最低相对频率一致。柏氏扇头蜱和蓖麻硬蜱分布于西班牙从北到南的地区，而璃眼蜱属和边缘革蜱仅在西班牙南部三分之二的地区采集到。血蜱属和网纹革蜱在西班牙北部采集到。边缘璃眼蜱指名亚种和柏氏扇头蜱在西班牙中南部的马鹿和野猪身上全年都有，每年有不止一个生命周期。这些结果对于理解野生有蹄类动物在维持蜱虫感染方面的作用以及改进蜱虫控制计划具有重要意义。
