Zhang Liang, Liang Zhen-Long, Fan Xue-Ping, Lu Ngan Thi, Zhou Xin-Mao, Wei Hong-Jin, Zhang Li-Bing
CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Plant Divers. 2024 Sep 3;46(6):698-712. doi: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.08.005. eCollection 2024 Nov.
The Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot is renowned for its rich biodiversity, including that of vascular plants. However, the fern diversity and its endemism in this hotspot have not been well understood and so far, the diversity of very few groups of ferns in this region has been explored using combined molecular and morphological approaches. Here, we updated the plastid phylogeny of the Java fern genus with 226 (115% increase of the latest sampling) samples across the distribution range, specifically those of three phylogenetically significant species, , . , and . . We also reconstructed the first nuclear phylogeny of the genus based on gene data. Based on molecular and morphological evidence, we identified three new major clades and six new subclades, redefined three existing species, discovered a number of cryptic species of the genus, and elucidated the evolution of the three most variable characters. Our divergence time analyses and ancestral area reconstruction showed that originated in the Oligocene and diversified from early Miocene and 15 dispersal events from lower to higher latitudes are identified. The evolution of three most important morphological characters is analyzed in a context of the new phylogeny. Our analysis showed that 30 (59% of total 51) species of occur in Indo-Burma hotspot, 24 (80% of the 30 species) of which are endemic to this hotspot. We argue that the Indo-Burma hotspot should be recognized as a diversity hotspot for ferns.
印度-缅甸生物多样性热点地区以其丰富的生物多样性而闻名，包括维管植物的多样性。然而，该热点地区的蕨类植物多样性及其特有性尚未得到很好的了解，到目前为止，仅使用分子和形态学相结合的方法对该地区极少数蕨类植物类群的多样性进行了探索。在此，我们更新了水蕨属的质体系统发育树，涵盖了分布范围内的226个样本（比最新采样增加了115%），特别是三个具有系统发育重要性的物种，即[物种名称1]、[物种名称2]和[物种名称3]的样本。我们还基于[基因名称]基因数据重建了该属的首个核系统发育树。基于分子和形态学证据，我们识别出三个新的主要分支和六个新的亚分支，重新定义了三个现有物种，发现了该属的许多隐存物种，并阐明了三个最具变异性状的演化过程。我们的分歧时间分析和祖先区域重建表明，[属名]起源于渐新世，从中新世早期开始分化，并确定了15次从低纬度到高纬度的扩散事件。在新的系统发育背景下分析了三个最重要形态性状的演化。我们的分析表明，水蕨属的51个物种中有30个（占总数的59%）出现在印度-缅甸热点地区，其中24个（占这30个物种的80%）是该热点地区特有的。我们认为，印度-缅甸热点地区应被视为蕨类植物的多样性热点地区。
