Deng Qiuping, Yao Xiuju, Fang Siyun, Sun Yueshan, Liu Lei, Li Chao, Li Guangquan, Guo Yuanbiao, Liu Jinbo
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Women's and Children's Health, Chengdu, 610016, Sichuan, China.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, 363 Hospital, Chengdu, 610016, Sichuan, China.
Clin Exp Med. 2025 Jan 15;25(1):38. doi: 10.1007/s10238-024-01554-2.
Upon stimulation and activation, mast cells (MCs) release soluble mediators, including histamine, proteases, and cytokines. These mediators are often stored within cytoplasmic granules in MCs and may be released in a granulated form. The secretion of cytokines and chemokines occurs within hours following activation, with the potential to result in chronic inflammation. In addition to their role in allergic inflammation, MCs are components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that do not encode proteins, but regulate post-transcriptional gene expression by binding to the 3' non-coding regions of mRNAs. This plays a crucial role in the function of MC, including the key processes of MC proliferation, maturation, apoptosis, and activation. It has been demonstrated that miRNAs are also present in extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by MCs. EVs derived from MCs mediate intercellular communication by carrying miRNAs, affecting various diseases including allergic diseases, intestinal disorders, neuroinflammation, and tumors. These findings provide important insights into the therapeutic mechanisms and targets of miRNAs in MCs that affect diseases. This review discusses the relevance of miRNA production by MCs in regulating their own activity and the effect of miRNAs putatively produced by other cells in the control of MC activity and their participation in selected pathologies.
受到刺激并激活后，肥大细胞（MCs）会释放可溶性介质，包括组胺、蛋白酶和细胞因子。这些介质通常储存在MCs的细胞质颗粒中，并可能以颗粒形式释放。细胞因子和趋化因子的分泌在激活后数小时内发生，有可能导致慢性炎症。除了在过敏性炎症中的作用外，MCs还是肿瘤微环境（TME）的组成部分。微小RNA（miRNAs）是不编码蛋白质的小RNA分子，但通过与mRNA的3'非编码区结合来调节转录后基因表达。这在MCs的功能中起着关键作用，包括MCs增殖、成熟、凋亡和激活的关键过程。已经证明，miRNAs也存在于MCs分泌的细胞外囊泡（EVs）中。源自MCs的EVs通过携带miRNAs介导细胞间通讯，影响包括过敏性疾病、肠道疾病、神经炎症和肿瘤在内的各种疾病。这些发现为miRNAs在影响疾病的MCs中的治疗机制和靶点提供了重要见解。本综述讨论了MCs产生的miRNA在调节其自身活性方面的相关性，以及其他细胞可能产生的miRNA在控制MCs活性及其参与特定病理过程中的作用。
