Dy-Hollins Marisela E, Chibnik Lori B, Tracy Natasha A, Osiecki Lisa, Budman Cathy L, Cath Danielle C, Grados Marco A, King Robert A, Lyon Gholson J, Rouleau Guy A, Sandor Paul, Singer Harvey S, Sharma Nutan, Mathews Carol A, Scharf Jeremiah M
Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Neurology. 2025 Feb 11;104(3):e210249. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000210249. Epub 2025 Jan 15.
To analyze sex differences in outcomes in Tourette syndrome (TS) and Persistent Motor or Vocal tic disorders (PMVT) in the Tourette Association of America International Consortium for Genetics (TAAICG) dataset.
The relationship between sex and clinical measures was explored in 2,403 participants (N = 2,109 with TS; N = 294 with PMVT) from the TAAICG dataset using generalized estimating equation regression models, and adjusted for age and family relationships.
Female (vs male) participants with TS (25.5% of the sample) had 0.46 times lower odds of being formally diagnosed clinically with TS before the research study ( < 0.00001), later age at symptom onset (6.5 ± 2.8 vs 6.0 ± 2.7; = 0.001), later age at diagnosis (13.3 ± 11.2 vs 10.7 ± 8.1; = 0.0001), a longer time-to-diagnosis (3 [1, 7] vs 2 [1, 5], = 0.01), and lower tic severity (28.4 ± 9.1 vs 30.7 ± 8.7); < 0.0001). Female (vs male) participants with PMVT (42.9% of the sample) had an earlier age at symptom onset (7.9 ± 3.3 vs 8.9 ± 3.7; = 0.05).
Female (vs male) participants with TS are less likely to be formally diagnosed, have later age at symptom onset, later age at diagnosis, and longer time-to-diagnosis. Female (vs male) participants with PMVT have an earlier age at symptom onset. Future research is needed to understand differences longitudinally in TS and PMVT.
在美国抽动秽语综合征协会国际遗传学联盟（TAAICG）数据集中分析抽动秽语综合征（TS）和持续性运动或发声抽动障碍（PMVT）结局中的性别差异。
使用广义估计方程回归模型，在TAAICG数据集中的2403名参与者（N = 2109名TS患者；N = 294名PMVT患者）中探讨性别与临床指标之间的关系，并对年龄和家庭关系进行校正。
患有TS的女性（占样本的25.5%）在研究前被临床正式诊断为TS的几率比男性低0.46倍（<0.00001），症状发作年龄较晚（6.5±2.8岁对6.0±2.7岁；P = 0.001），诊断年龄较晚（13.3±11.2岁对10.7±8.1岁；P = 0.0001），诊断所需时间更长（3[1,7]年对2[1,5]年，P = 0.01），抽动严重程度更低（28.4±9.1对30.7±8.7）；P<0.0001）。患有PMVT的女性（占样本的42.9%）症状发作年龄较早（7.9±3.3岁对8.9±3.7岁；P = 0.05）。
患有TS的女性比男性更不容易被正式诊断，症状发作年龄较晚，诊断年龄较晚，诊断所需时间更长。患有PMVT的女性症状发作年龄较早。需要进一步研究以纵向了解TS和PMVT的差异。
