UNC119 regulates T-cell receptor signalling in primary T cells and T acute lymphocytic leukaemia.

T-cell receptor recognition of cognate peptide-MHC leads to the formation of signalling domains and the immunological synapse. Because of the close membrane apposition, there is rapid exclusion of CD45, and therefore LCK activation. Much less is known about whether spatial regulation of the intracellular face dictates LCK activity and TCR signal transduction. Moreover, as LCK is a driver in T acute lymphocytic leukaemia, it is important to understand its regulation. Here, we demonstrate a direct role of the ciliary protein UNC119 in trafficking LCK to the immunological synapse. Inhibiting UNC119 reduces localisation of LCK without impairing LCK phosphorylation and reduces T-cell receptor signal transduction. Although important for initial LCK reorganisation, activated CD8 T cells retained their ability to kill target tumour cells when UNC119 was inhibited. UNC119 was also needed to sustain proliferation in patient-derived T-ALL cells. UNC119 may therefore represent a novel therapeutic target in T acute lymphocytic leukaemia, which alters the subcellular localisation of LCK in T acute lymphocytic leukaemia cells but preserves the function of existing cytotoxic lymphocytes.