Thetkathuek Anamai, Kongsombatsuk Marissa, Nakyai Teeranun, Polyong Chan P
Department of Industrial Hygiene and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Rayong Hospital in Honor of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, Rayong, Thailand.
Narra J. 2024 Dec;4(3):e1055. doi: 10.52225/narra.v4i3.1055. Epub 2024 Dec 9.
Air contamination by 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) is recognized as a threat across countries. Addressing this problem is challenging due to the absence of clearly defined biological standards for monitoring 1,2-DCE exposure among humans. Moreover, studies on the impacts of 1,2-DCE exposure on human health are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the level of 1,2-DCE in urine-separated into the health behavior and occupation groups-as well as its effects on blood biochemicals among overall 200 outdoor workers, with 50 working in each of the following four occupations: fishers, street vendors, public bus drivers, and traffic police in an environmentally polluted community in Thailand. The subject's behaviors were categorized into four groups: desirable health behaviors (non-smokers and non-drinkers), non-smokers who consume alcohol, smokers who do not consume alcohol, and undesirable health behaviors (frequent smokers and alcohol consumers). Data were collected at the end of the workday using interview forms, urine, and blood samples. Urine was analyzed for 1,2-DCE, and blood was analyzed for complete blood count (CBC), liver, and kidney function enzymes. Data were analyzed using the Dunnett's test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and independent sample t-test according to statistical conditions. Our findings revealed that the median urinary 1,2-DCE level was 0.080 mg/L (0.022-0.462 mg/L). Subjects with undesirable health behaviors had a significantly higher urinary 1,2-DCE level (0.108 mg/L) compared to those with desirable health behaviors (0.056 mg/L), with a -value of 0.009. Among bus drivers and local fishers, the dose of exposure was strongly associated with creatinine levels ( = 0.006). No significant association was observed between exposure dose and CBC across all groups. In conclusion, the urinary samples present a small variation in 1,2-DCE concentrations and thus can be used as a benchmark baseline value for monitoring exposure among outdoor workers in areas with intense air pollution. Kidney function markers can be considered in monitoring the health effects of 1,2-DCE.
1,2 - 二氯乙烷（1,2 - DCE）造成的空气污染在各国都被视为一种威胁。由于缺乏明确界定的用于监测人类1,2 - DCE暴露情况的生物学标准，解决这一问题具有挑战性。此外，关于1,2 - DCE暴露对人类健康影响的研究也很有限。本研究的目的是确定200名户外工作者尿液中1,2 - DCE的水平（按健康行为和职业分组），以及其对血液生化指标的影响。这200名户外工作者来自泰国一个环境污染社区，分属以下四个职业，各职业50人：渔民、街头小贩、公共巴士司机和交警。受试者的行为被分为四组：理想健康行为组（不吸烟且不饮酒者）、饮酒的不吸烟者、不饮酒的吸烟者以及不良健康行为组（经常吸烟且饮酒者）。在工作日结束时，通过访谈表格、尿液和血液样本收集数据。对尿液进行1,2 - DCE分析，对血液进行全血细胞计数（CBC）、肝功能和肾功能酶分析。根据统计条件，使用邓尼特检验、克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯H检验和独立样本t检验对数据进行分析。我们的研究结果显示，尿中1,2 - DCE水平的中位数为0.080毫克/升（0.022 - 0.462毫克/升）。与具有理想健康行为的受试者（0.056毫克/升）相比，具有不良健康行为的受试者尿中1,2 - DCE水平显著更高（0.108毫克/升），p值为0.009。在巴士司机和当地渔民中，暴露剂量与肌酐水平密切相关（p = 0.006）。在所有组中，未观察到暴露剂量与全血细胞计数之间存在显著关联。总之，尿液样本中1,2 - DCE浓度变化较小，因此可作为监测空气污染严重地区户外工作者暴露情况的基准基线值。在监测1,2 - DCE对健康的影响时可考虑肾功能指标。
