Karnell M P, Folkins J W, Morris H L
J Speech Hear Res. 1985 Mar;28(1):63-72. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2801.63.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between several temporal measures of speech movements and perceived nasalization in speakers with cleft palate. Four adult subjects with repaired cleft palate were filmed using high-speed (100 frames/s) cinefluorography as they produced target syllables embedded in a carrier phrase. Perceived nasalization of each extracted acoustic target syllable was rated by 18 trained judges. Movements of the tongue tip, tongue dorsum, jaw, velar knee, velar tip, and posterior pharyngeal wall were plotted over time. Time of movement onsets and movement offsets was identified from the plots. Voice onset and offset times were identified from the synchronized acoustic recordings. The findings indicate that normally expected velopharyngeal movements occurred near the time of jaw-lowering onset during nasalized CVC and CVN productions in two subjects who were judged to exhibit high levels of nasalization. The other two subjects showed no velopharyngeal movements during the CVC production. It is speculated that velopharyngeal movements normally expected in CVC utterances may be avoided by some speakers with cleft palate in order to minimize perceptible nasalization.
本研究的目的是探讨腭裂患者言语运动的几个时间指标与感知鼻音之间的关系。对4名腭裂修复后的成年受试者进行高速（100帧/秒）电影荧光摄影，记录他们在嵌入载体短语中的目标音节发音过程。18名经过训练的评判员对每个提取的声学目标音节的感知鼻音进行评分。绘制舌尖、舌背、下颌、软腭膝部、软腭尖部和咽后壁随时间的运动情况。从图中确定运动开始时间和运动结束时间。从同步声学记录中确定声音开始和结束时间。研究结果表明，在两名被判定鼻音化程度较高的受试者中，在鼻音化的CVC和CVN发音过程中，正常预期的腭咽运动发生在下颌下降开始的时间附近。另外两名受试者在CVC发音过程中未表现出腭咽运动。据推测，一些腭裂患者可能会避免在CVC发音中正常预期的腭咽运动，以尽量减少可察觉的鼻音化。
