Ramos Andreia, Gonçalves David, Vasconcelos Raquel O
Institute of Science and Environment, University of Saint Joseph, Macao, Macao S.A.R., China.
MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
PeerJ. 2025 Jan 13;13:e18491. doi: 10.7717/peerj.18491. eCollection 2025.
While soundscapes shape the structure and function of auditory systems over evolutionary timescales, there is limited information regarding the adaptation of wild fish populations to their natural acoustic environments. This is particularly relevant for freshwater ecosystems, which are extremely diverse and face escalating pressures from human activities and associated noise pollution. The Siamese fighting fish is one of the most important cultured species in the global ornamental fish market and is increasingly recognized as a model organism for genetics and behavioural studies. This air-breathing species (Anabantoidei), characterized by the presence of a suprabranchial labyrinth organ that enhances auditory sensitivity, is native to Southeast Asia and inhabits low flow freshwater ecosystems that are increasingly threatened due to habitat destruction and pollution. We characterized the underwater soundscape, along with various ecological parameters, across five marshland habitats of , from lentic waterbodies to small canals near a lake in Chiang Rai province (Thailand). All habitats exhibited common traits of low dissolved oxygen and dense herbaceous vegetation. Soundscapes were relatively quiet with Sound Pressure Level (SPL) around 102-105 dB re 1 µPa and most spectral energy below 1,000 Hz. Sound recordings captured diverse biological sounds, including potential fish vocalizations, but primarily insect sounds. Hearing thresholds were determined using auditory evoked potential (AEP) recordings, revealing best hearing range within 100-400 Hz. Males exhibited lower hearing thresholds than females at 400 and 600 Hz. This low-frequency tuning highlights the potential susceptibility of to anthropogenic noise activities. This study provides first characterization of the auditory sensitivity and natural soundscape of establishing an important ground for future hearing research in this species. The information provided on the auditory sensory adaptation of emphasizes the importance of preserving quiet soundscapes from lentic freshwater ecosystems.
虽然声景在进化时间尺度上塑造了听觉系统的结构和功能，但关于野生鱼类种群对其自然声学环境的适应性的信息有限。这对于淡水生态系统尤为重要，淡水生态系统极其多样，且面临着来自人类活动及相关噪声污染不断升级的压力。暹罗斗鱼是全球观赏鱼市场中最重要的养殖品种之一，并且越来越被视为遗传学和行为研究的模式生物。这种空气呼吸鱼类（斗鱼科）的特征是存在一个鳃上迷宫器官，可增强听觉敏感性，原产于东南亚，栖息于低流量淡水生态系统，由于栖息地破坏和污染，这些生态系统正日益受到威胁。我们对泰国清莱府一个湖泊附近从静水水体到小运河的五个沼泽地栖息地的水下声景以及各种生态参数进行了特征描述。所有栖息地都表现出低溶解氧和茂密草本植被的共同特征。声景相对安静，声压级（SPL）约为102 - 1（此处原文有误，推测为105）dB re 1 µPa，且大部分频谱能量低于1000 Hz。录音捕捉到了各种生物声音，包括潜在的鱼类发声，但主要是昆虫声音。使用听觉诱发电位（AEP）记录确定了听力阈值，揭示出最佳听力范围在100 - 400 Hz之间。在400和600 Hz时，雄性的听力阈值低于雌性。这种低频调谐突出了暹罗斗鱼对人为噪声活动的潜在易感性。本研究首次对暹罗斗鱼的听觉敏感性和自然声景进行了特征描述，为该物种未来的听力研究奠定了重要基础。所提供的关于暹罗斗鱼听觉感官适应的信息强调了保护静水淡水生态系统安静声景的重要性。
