Maruska Karen P, Sisneros Joseph A
Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, 408 Guthrie Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;877:227-54. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-21059-9_11.
Sounds provide fishes with important information used to mediate behaviors such as predator avoidance, prey detection, and social communication. How we measure auditory capabilities in fishes, therefore, has crucial implications for interpreting how individual species use acoustic information in their natural habitat. Recent analyses have highlighted differences between behavioral and electrophysiologically determined hearing thresholds, but less is known about how physiological measures at different auditory processing levels compare within a single species. Here we provide one of the first comparisons of auditory threshold curves determined by different recording methods in a single fish species, the soniferous Hawaiian sergeant fish Abudefduf abdominalis, and review past studies on representative fish species with tuning curves determined by different methods. The Hawaiian sergeant is a colonial benthic-spawning damselfish (Pomacentridae) that produces low-frequency, low-intensity sounds associated with reproductive and agonistic behaviors. We compared saccular potentials, auditory evoked potentials (AEP), and single neuron recordings from acoustic nuclei of the hindbrain and midbrain torus semicircularis. We found that hearing thresholds were lowest at low frequencies (~75-300 Hz) for all methods, which matches the spectral components of sounds produced by this species. However, thresholds at best frequency determined via single cell recordings were ~15-25 dB lower than those measured by AEP and saccular potential techniques. While none of these physiological techniques gives us a true measure of the auditory "perceptual" abilities of a naturally behaving fish, this study highlights that different methodologies can reveal similar detectable range of frequencies for a given species, but absolute hearing sensitivity may vary considerably.
声音为鱼类提供重要信息，用于调节诸如躲避捕食者、探测猎物和社会交流等行为。因此，我们如何测量鱼类的听觉能力，对于解释单个物种如何在其自然栖息地利用声学信息具有至关重要的意义。最近的分析突出了行为学测定的听力阈值与电生理学测定的听力阈值之间的差异，但对于在单个物种内不同听觉处理水平的生理测量结果如何比较，我们了解得较少。在此，我们首次对通过不同记录方法在单个鱼类物种——能发声的夏威夷军士鱼（Abudefduf abdominalis）中测定的听觉阈值曲线进行了比较，并回顾了过去对具有通过不同方法测定的调谐曲线的代表性鱼类物种的研究。夏威夷军士鱼是一种群居的底栖产卵雀鲷（雀鲷科），会发出与繁殖和争斗行为相关的低频、低强度声音。我们比较了球囊电位、听觉诱发电位（AEP）以及来自后脑和中脑半规管的听觉核团的单神经元记录。我们发现，对于所有方法而言，在低频（约75 - 300赫兹）时听力阈值最低，这与该物种发出声音的频谱成分相匹配。然而，通过单细胞记录测定的最佳频率处的阈值比通过AEP和球囊电位技术测量的阈值低约15 - 25分贝。虽然这些生理技术都无法真正衡量自然行为鱼类的听觉“感知”能力，但这项研究强调，不同方法可以揭示给定物种类似的可检测频率范围，但绝对听力灵敏度可能会有很大差异。
