Advanced environmental remediation using enhanced performance of hollow ZnO@SnInS core-shell nanorod arrays for hazardous ion and organic pollutant removal.

Herein, novel hollow ZnO and ZnO@SnInS core-shell nanorods (NRs) with controlled shell thickness were developed via a facile synthesis approach for the efficient photocatalytic remediation of organic as well inorganic water pollutants. The introduction of SnInS shell layer coating over ZnO enhances visible light absorption, efficient exciton-mediated direct charge transfer, and reduces the band gap of ZnO@SnInS core-shell nanorods. The ZnO@SnInS core-shell nanorods show efficient solar-light driven catalytic efficiency for the disintegration of industrial dye (orange G), degradation of tetracycline, and reduction of hazardous Cr (VI) ions in aquatic systems. The measured photocurrent density of ZnO@SnInS core-shell NRs under illumination of simulated solar light was about nine times higher than ZnO NRs. It has been revealed that charge transfer resistance (R) of ZnO@SnInS core-shell NRs was doubled after the illumination of solar light. The developed ZnO@SnInS core-shell NRs photocatalyst efficiently decontaminate about 99.8 ± 02, 99.98 ± 0.01, and 99.8% of methyl orange, tetracycline, and Cr(VI), respectively. Notably, under similar conditions, ZnO was able to display efficiencies of 29.3 ± 0.6, 27.08 ± 1.1 and 31.1 ± 6.3 % of methyl orange, tetracycline, and Cr(VI), respectively. It was also noted that •O, •OH radical, and holes were majorly contributed in the photocatalysis process for disintegration of industrial dye (orange G), tetracycline and finally transform to water and carbon dioxide. Overall, this work explores an intense insight and a novel idea for a hollow core-shell nanocomposite for photocatalytic reduction of diverse pollutants.