Ishagh El Khalef, Ouédraogo Marc Talatou, Oumarou Batouré, Kaya Mutenda Sheria, Diawara Gbaguidi Aichatou, Camara Abdoulaye Macire, Moussa Seyni, Bienvenu Kuyangisa, Toko Joseph, Harouna Hamidou, Moussa Haladou, Kofi N 'Zue, Tamuzi Jacques L, Katoto Patrick D M C, Wiysonge Charles S, Anya Blanche-Philomene Melanga, Tshikolasoni Manengu Casimir
Bureau de L'Organisation Mondiale de La Santé (OMS), Niamey, Niger.
Direction de La Surveillance Et La Réponse Aux Epidémies du Ministère de La Santé Publique, de La Population Et Des Affaires Sociale, Chargé de La Surveillance, Niamey, Niger.
BMC Infect Dis. 2025 Jan 17;25(1):79. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-10457-w.
Recently, a total of 74 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks were detected in 39 countries, with 672 confirmed Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) cases identified in 27 countries. Despite progress, Niger experienced cVDPV outbreaks in 2018, highlighting the importance of maintaining AFP surveillance as a tool for polio eradication. This analysis aims to comprehensively assess AFP surveillance trends, patterns, and challenges in Niger, offering insights for public health initiatives in conflict-affected contexts.
We analyzed nationwide AFP surveillance data from 2016 to 2021. The data included information about the person's background, vaccinations, medical history, cVDPV, AFP cases, stool samples, how quickly AFP cases were reported, how complete weekly zero reporting (WZR) was, and non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV). Tables, graphs, and maps presented the study findings.
A total of 4,134 AFP cases under 15 years old were included, with a sex ratio of 1.3. Most cases (79.85%) were aged 1 to 4 years, and 79.44% received three or more doses of oral polio vaccine (OPV). Fever onset (90.13%), asymmetric paralysis (80.33%), and a 3-day AFP progression (80.48%) were common. cVDPV2 was found in 33 cases, predominantly in Zinder province. The annualized non-polio AFP rate per 100,000 population < 15 years fluctuated, with the lowest at 2.5 in 2016 and highest at 8.7 in 2018 (mean 5.93). Surveillance indicators, including faecal specimen collection, follow-up exams, NPEV detection, timeliness of AFP case notification, WZR, and timely laboratory results performed above the set target. However, stool specimen quality was suboptimal (69% in 2016), timeliness of AFP case investigation and contact sampling, and stool transportation times were below the set target. Five districts reported less than 80% stool adequacy.
This study underscores the importance of continued AFP surveillance in Niger, with room for improvement in stool specimen quality and transportation times. Enhancing these aspects can improve public health efforts in conflict-affected areas and contribute to polio eradication in the region.
最近，在39个国家共检测到74起循环疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒（cVDPV）疫情，在27个国家确认了672例急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）病例。尽管取得了进展，但尼日尔在2018年经历了cVDPV疫情，凸显了维持AFP监测作为根除脊髓灰质炎工具的重要性。本分析旨在全面评估尼日尔AFP监测的趋势、模式和挑战，为受冲突影响地区的公共卫生举措提供见解。
我们分析了2016年至2021年全国范围内的AFP监测数据。数据包括有关人员背景、疫苗接种、病史、cVDPV、AFP病例、粪便样本、AFP病例报告速度、每周零报告（WZR）的完整性以及非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒（NPEV）的信息。表格、图表和地图展示了研究结果。
共纳入4134例15岁以下的AFP病例，男女比例为1.3。大多数病例（79.85%）年龄在1至4岁之间，79.44%的病例接种了三剂或更多剂口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）。发热起病（90.13%）、不对称麻痹（80.33%）和3天的AFP病程（80.48%）较为常见。在33例病例中发现了cVDPV2，主要集中在津德尔省。每10万15岁以下人口的年度非脊髓灰质炎AFP发病率波动，2016年最低为2.5，2018年最高为8.7（平均5.93）。监测指标，包括粪便标本采集、随访检查、NPEV检测、AFP病例通报的及时性、WZR以及及时的实验室结果均达到设定目标。然而，粪便标本质量欠佳（2016年为69%），AFP病例调查和接触者采样的及时性以及粪便运输时间未达到设定目标。五个地区报告的粪便充足率低于80%。
本研究强调了在尼日尔持续进行AFP监测的重要性，粪便标本质量和运输时间仍有改进空间。加强这些方面可以改善受冲突影响地区的公共卫生工作，并有助于该地区根除脊髓灰质炎。
