Kehoe E J, Poulos C X, Gormezano I
Pavlov J Biol Sci. 1985 Jan-Mar;20(1):29-38.
Two experiments examined appetitive differential conditioning of the rabbit's jaw movement response (JMR) in a two-phase procedure. The first phase entailed reinforced training with one conditioned stimulus (CS+), and the second phase involved intermixed presentations of CS+ and an unreinforced stimulus (CS-). In Experiment 1, CS+ was a 600-Hz tone, and CS- was either a 660-, 1,000-, or 2,100-Hz tone. In Experiment 2, the magnitude of the water unconditioned stimulus (US) paired with CS+ was either 1, 3, or 9 ml. The experiments revealed that 1) the level of responding to CS- rose for several days and then declined over the remainder of training; 2) the physical similarity between CS+ and CS- directly affected the level of responding to CS- but had no discernable effect on the level of responding to CS+; and 3) US magnitude positively affected the level of responding to CS+ and, to a lesser extent, CS-. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for Spence's gradient interaction theory and Pavlov's external inhibition hypothesis.
两项实验采用两阶段程序研究了家兔下颌运动反应（JMR）的食欲性差异条件作用。第一阶段是对一种条件刺激（CS+）进行强化训练，第二阶段是CS+和非强化刺激（CS-）混合呈现。在实验1中，CS+是600赫兹的音调，CS-是660、1000或2100赫兹的音调。在实验2中，与CS+配对的水非条件刺激（US）的量为1、3或9毫升。实验表明：1）对CS-的反应水平在几天内上升，然后在训练的剩余时间下降；2）CS+和CS-之间的物理相似性直接影响对CS-的反应水平，但对CS+的反应水平没有明显影响；3）US量对CS+的反应水平有正向影响，对CS-的反应水平也有较小程度的正向影响。从这些结果对斯彭斯的梯度相互作用理论和巴甫洛夫的外抑制假说的意义方面进行了讨论。
