Teng Daoguang, Wu Jiahui, Ma Qiyuan, Wang Wei, Zhou Guoli, Fan Guixia, Cao Yijun, Li Peng
Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
ACS Omega. 2024 Dec 23;10(1):76-92. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c08689. eCollection 2025 Jan 14.
Urban mineral resources, with their significant recycling potential, have increasingly accumulated worldwide and become an important source for extracting valuable metals, particularly critical rare dispersed metals (CRDMs) such as gallium, germanium, and indium. As the electronics industry continues to grow rapidly, the demand for CRDMs is rising. However, CRDMs in primary mineral resources are often found in small, dispersed concentrations, making extraction challenging. In contrast, urban mineral resources contain relatively higher concentrations of CRDMs, making their comprehensive exploitation more advantageous than that of primary minerals. This paper underscores the importance of metal recycling by examining the current state of e-waste recycling from urban mineral resources in China. It outlines the general process of e-waste recycling, briefly compares the advantages and disadvantages of common metal recycling methods, and summarizes the current status of CRDMs recycling from various electronic wastes. Finally, this paper discusses the development trends and future prospects of metal recycling technology in urban minerals.
城市矿产资源具有巨大的回收潜力，在全球范围内日益积累，成为提取有价金属的重要来源，特别是镓、锗和铟等关键稀散金属（CRDMs）。随着电子工业持续快速发展，对CRDMs的需求不断上升。然而，原生矿产资源中的CRDMs往往以低品位、分散的形式存在，提取难度较大。相比之下，城市矿产资源中CRDMs的含量相对较高，其综合开发比原生矿产更具优势。本文通过考察中国城市矿产电子废弃物回收利用的现状，强调了金属回收的重要性。概述了电子废弃物回收利用的一般流程，简要比较了常见金属回收方法的优缺点，并总结了从各类电子废弃物中回收CRDMs的现状。最后，本文探讨了城市矿产中金属回收技术的发展趋势和未来前景。
