Del Rosario-Gilabert D, Valenzuela-Miralles A, Esquiva G
Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.
Department of Physics, Systems Engineering and Signal Theory, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.
Biophys Rev. 2024 Oct 7;16(6):783-812. doi: 10.1007/s12551-024-01242-1. eCollection 2024 Dec.
In recent decades, research on mechanotransduction has advanced considerably, focusing on the effects of audible acoustic waves (AAWs) and low-vibration stimulation (LVS), which has propelled the field of sonobiology forward. Taken together, the current evidence demonstrates the influence of these biosignals on key cellular processes, such as growth, differentiation and migration in mammalian cells, emphasizing the determining role of specific physical parameters during stimulation, such as frequency, sound pressure level/amplitude and exposure time. These mechanical waves interact with various cellular elements, including ion channels, primary cilia, cell-cell adhesion receptors, cell-matrix and extracellular matrix proteins, and focal adhesion complexes. These components connect with the cytoskeletal fibre network, enabling the transmission of mechanical stimuli towards the nucleus. The nucleus, in turn, linked to the cytoskeleton via the linkers of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex, acts as a mechanosensitive centre, not only responding to changes in cytoskeletal stiffness and nuclear tension but also regulating gene expression through the transcriptional co-activator YAP/TAZ and interactions between chromatin and the nuclear envelope. This intricate chain of mechanisms highlights the potential of sonobiology in various fields, including dentistry, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and cancer research. However, progress in these fields requires the establishment of standardized measurement methodologies and biocompatible experimental setups to ensure the reproducibility of results.
近几十年来，机械转导研究取得了显著进展，重点关注可听声波（AAWs）和低振动刺激（LVS）的影响，这推动了声生物学领域的发展。综合来看，目前的证据表明这些生物信号对关键细胞过程有影响，如哺乳动物细胞的生长、分化和迁移，强调了刺激过程中特定物理参数（如频率、声压级/振幅和暴露时间）的决定性作用。这些机械波与各种细胞成分相互作用，包括离子通道、初级纤毛、细胞间粘附受体、细胞-基质和细胞外基质蛋白以及粘着斑复合物。这些成分与细胞骨架纤维网络相连，使机械刺激能够向细胞核传递。反过来，细胞核通过核骨架与细胞骨架复合物的连接物与细胞骨架相连，充当机械敏感中心，不仅对细胞骨架硬度和核张力的变化做出反应，还通过转录共激活因子YAP/TAZ以及染色质与核膜之间的相互作用来调节基因表达。这种复杂的机制链凸显了声生物学在各个领域的潜力，包括牙科、再生医学、组织工程和癌症研究。然而，这些领域的进展需要建立标准化的测量方法和生物相容性实验装置，以确保结果的可重复性。
