Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023 Mar;10(9):e2204594. doi: 10.1002/advs.202204594. Epub 2023 Jan 19.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic system that constantly offers physical, biological, and chemical signals to embraced cells. Increasing evidence suggests that mechanical signals derived from the dynamic cellular microenvironment are essential controllers of cell behaviors. Conventional cell culture biomaterials, with static mechanical properties such as chemistry, topography, and stiffness, have offered a fundamental understanding of various vital biochemical and biophysical processes, such as cell adhesion, spreading, migration, growth, and differentiation. At present, novel biomaterials that can spatiotemporally impart biophysical cues to manipulate cell fate are emerging. The dynamic properties and adaptive traits of new materials endow them with the ability to adapt to cell requirements and enhance cell functions. In this review, an introductory overview of the key players essential to mechanobiology is provided. A biophysical perspective on the state-of-the-art manipulation techniques and novel materials in designing static and dynamic ECM-mimicking biomaterials is taken. In particular, different static and dynamic mechanical cues in regulating cellular mechanosensing and functions are compared. This review to benefit the development of engineering biomechanical systems regulating cell functions is expected.
细胞外基质 (ECM) 是一个高度动态的系统，不断为被包裹的细胞提供物理、生物和化学信号。越来越多的证据表明，来源于动态细胞微环境的机械信号是细胞行为的重要控制器。具有化学、拓扑和刚度等静态机械特性的传统细胞培养生物材料为各种重要的生化和生物物理过程（如细胞黏附、铺展、迁移、生长和分化）提供了基本的理解。目前，能够时空传递生物物理线索以操纵细胞命运的新型生物材料正在出现。新材料的动态特性和自适应特性赋予了它们适应细胞需求和增强细胞功能的能力。在这篇综述中，提供了对机械生物学至关重要的关键因素的简介概述。从生物物理的角度来看，设计静态和动态 ECM 模拟生物材料的最新操纵技术和新型材料被采用。特别是，比较了不同的静态和动态机械线索在调节细胞机械感觉和功能中的作用。预计这篇综述将有助于开发调节细胞功能的工程生物力学系统。
