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一百万年前就适应了草原沙漠的极端气候。

adapted to steppe-desert climate extremes one million years ago.

作者信息

Mercader Julio, Akuku Pamela, Boivin Nicole, Camacho Alfredo, Carter Tristan, Clarke Siobhán, Cueva Temprana Arturo, Favreau Julien, Galloway Jennifer, Hernando Raquel, Huang Haiping, Hubbard Stephen, Kaplan Jed O, Larter Steve, Magohe Stephen, Mohamed Abdallah, Mwambwiga Aloyce, Oladele Ayoola, Petraglia Michael, Roberts Patrick, Saladié Palmira, Shikoni Abel, Silva Renzo, Soto María, Stricklin Dominica, Mekonnen Degsew Z, Zhao Wenran, Durkin Paul

机构信息

University of Calgary, Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Calgary, AB Canada.

Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany.

出版信息

Commun Earth Environ. 2025;6(1):1. doi: 10.1038/s43247-024-01919-1. Epub 2025 Jan 16.

DOI:10.1038/s43247-024-01919-1
PMID:
39830897
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11738993/
Abstract

Questions about when early members of the genus adapted to extreme environments like deserts and rainforests have traditionally focused on . Here, we present multidisciplinary evidence from Engaji Nanyori in Tanzania's Oldupai Gorge, revealing that thrived in hyperarid landscapes one million years ago. Using biogeochemical analyses, precise chronometric dating, palaeoclimate simulations, biome modeling, fire history reconstructions, palaeobotanical studies, faunal assemblages, and archeological evidence, we reconstruct an environment dominated by semidesert shrubland. Despite these challenges, repeatedly occupied fluvial landscapes, leveraging water sources and ecological focal points to mitigate risk. These findings suggest archaic humans possessed an ecological flexibility previously attributed only to later hominins. This adaptability likely facilitated the expansion of into the arid regions of Africa and Eurasia, redefining their role as ecological generalists thriving in some of the most challenging landscapes of the Middle Pleistocene.

摘要

关于该属早期成员何时适应沙漠和雨林等极端环境的问题，传统上一直聚焦于……。在此，我们展示了来自坦桑尼亚奥杜威峡谷恩加吉·纳尼奥里的多学科证据，揭示出（该属成员）在一百万年前的极度干旱景观中繁衍生息。通过生物地球化学分析、精确的年代测定、古气候模拟、生物群落建模、火灾历史重建、古植物学研究、动物群落分析以及考古证据，我们重建了一个以半荒漠灌木丛为主的环境。尽管面临这些挑战，（该属成员）仍反复占据河流地貌，利用水源和生态焦点来降低风险。这些发现表明，古代人类拥有一种此前仅被认为是后来人类才具备的生态灵活性。这种适应性可能促进了（该属成员）向非洲和欧亚大陆干旱地区的扩张，重新定义了它们作为生态通才在中更新世一些最具挑战性景观中繁衍生息的角色。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/cb2a/11738993/50d5fde03c56/43247_2024_1919_Fig10_HTML.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/cb2a/11738993/c6930ff6c361/43247_2024_1919_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/cb2a/11738993/606d569e319f/43247_2024_1919_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/cb2a/11738993/ae577d8a0d1f/43247_2024_1919_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/cb2a/11738993/014673730a5e/43247_2024_1919_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/cb2a/11738993/6d08ebdf9767/43247_2024_1919_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/cb2a/11738993/3a63c89e952d/43247_2024_1919_Fig8_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/cb2a/11738993/ccdc19fd87bd/43247_2024_1919_Fig9_HTML.jpg
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