Yu Jiahao, Kou Yong, Xiao Lei, Lu Qiangqiang, Xu Xuran, Yang Junqing, Jiang Wei, Hao Gazi
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
Nanoscale. 2025 Jan 29;17(5):2769-2781. doi: 10.1039/d4nr04234d.
Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is widely utilized in aerospace, defense and other fields due to its high energy density, exceptional stability, easy availability and adaptability. However, the high sensitivity and hygroscopicity of AP severely constrain its application in numerous fields. In this study, a two-step continuous coating method was employed to construct AP-based energetic microcapsules with low sensitivity and hygroscopicity. The formation process of the F shell on the AP@nano-graphite surface was simulated using Materials Studio (MS), which proved the rationality of the shell formation process. In addition, the excellent electrical and thermal conductivity of the nano-graphite shell combined with the superior hydrophobicity and thermal insulation of the F shell advanced the high-temperature decomposition process of the AP-based energetic microcapsules, enhanced the hydrophobicity of the AP (the water contact angle increased from 0° to 73° and the hygroscopic rates decreased from 0.132% to 0.051%), and reduced the impact sensitivity of the AP (the value increased from 42.2 cm to 86.6 cm). Clearly, the diverse materials in the shell layer could endow the core AP with multiple functions. Therefore, this meaningful work provides a novel and extensive strategy to improve the performance of AP-based energetic microcapsules.
高氯酸铵（AP）因其高能量密度、卓越稳定性、易于获取和适应性强而被广泛应用于航空航天、国防等领域。然而，AP的高敏感性和吸湿性严重限制了其在众多领域的应用。在本研究中，采用两步连续包覆法构建了具有低敏感性和吸湿性的基于AP的含能微胶囊。使用Materials Studio（MS）模拟了AP@纳米石墨表面F壳层的形成过程，证明了壳层形成过程的合理性。此外，纳米石墨壳层优异的导电性和导热性与F壳层卓越的疏水性和隔热性相结合，促进了基于AP的含能微胶囊的高温分解过程，增强了AP的疏水性（水接触角从0°增加到73°，吸湿率从0.132%降低到0.051%），并降低了AP的撞击感度（ 值从42.2 cm增加到86.6 cm）。显然，壳层中的多种材料可以赋予核心AP多种功能。因此，这项有意义的工作为提高基于AP的含能微胶囊的性能提供了一种新颖且广泛的策略。
