Yu Jiahao, Kou Yong, Lei Hongbing, Lu Qiangqiang, Xiao Lei, Yang Hongyu, Xu Xuran, Yang Junqing, Jiang Wei, Hao Gazi
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
Shanxi North Xing'an Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Taiyuan, 030008, China.
Small. 2025 May;21(20):e2500967. doi: 10.1002/smll.202500967. Epub 2025 Mar 27.
Ammonium perchlorate (AP) plays an important role in solid propellants because of its high specific impulse, high energy density and low cost. However, the excellent performance cannot conceal the many shortcomings of AP, and the problems of non-concentrated exothermic, high sensitivity and hygroscopicity still seriously impede its application in solid propellants. In this study, the solvent evaporation method is used to directionally modify the order of the cupric oxide (CuO) and fluororubber (F) shell layers so as to obtain AP-based composites with different core-shell structures. The interlayer binding energies of the composites with different structures are explored by theoretical calculations, and it is demonstrated that AP-based composites have excellent stability. In addition, CuO with valence-band holes not only reduces the peak temperature of the high temperature decomposition of AP (440.4 to 354.5 °C), but also enhances its combustion properties by undergoing thermite reaction with Al. Furthermore, the excellent hydrophobicity and barrier properties of F greatly strengthened the hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of the AP-based composites and reduced their sensitivity. In summary, the core-shelled structures AP-based composites prepared by this strategy possessed 5-in-1 excellent properties, which provided a new idea for targeted modulation of the properties of energetic materials.
高氯酸铵（AP）因其高比冲、高能量密度和低成本，在固体推进剂中发挥着重要作用。然而，其优异性能并不能掩盖AP的诸多缺点，非集中放热、高敏感性和吸湿性问题仍严重阻碍其在固体推进剂中的应用。在本研究中，采用溶剂蒸发法定向改变氧化铜（CuO）和氟橡胶（F）壳层的顺序，从而获得具有不同核壳结构的AP基复合材料。通过理论计算探索了不同结构复合材料的层间结合能，结果表明AP基复合材料具有优异的稳定性。此外，具有价带空穴的CuO不仅降低了AP高温分解的峰值温度（从440.4℃降至354.5℃），还通过与Al发生铝热反应提高了其燃烧性能。此外，F优异的疏水性和阻隔性能极大地增强了AP基复合材料的疏水性和机械性能，并降低了其敏感性。综上所述，通过该策略制备的核壳结构AP基复合材料具有五合一的优异性能，为高能材料性能的靶向调控提供了新思路。
