Andleeb Saba, Irfan Muhammad, Atta-Obeng Emmanuel, Sukmawati Dalia
Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
Department of Natural Science, Coppin State University, Baltimore, MD, 21216, USA.
Biodegradation. 2025 Jan 20;36(1):13. doi: 10.1007/s10532-025-10109-5.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic organofluoride compounds, widely used in industries since the 1950s for their hydrophobic properties. PFAS contamination of soil and water poses significant environmental and public health risks due to their persistence, chemical stability, and resistance to degradation. The Chemical Abstracts Service catalogs approximately 4300 PFAS globally. Research in various regions such as North America, Asia, Europe, and remote polar zones has revealed the accumulation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in the tissues of various animal species, with concentrations reaching up to 1900 ng/g in aquatic species like dolphins and whales. Researchers have employed various remediation techniques such as solvent extraction, ion exchange, precipitation, adsorption, and membrane filtration, each of which has its drawbacks. Adsorption, particularly using waste-derived functional materials like biochar, is emerging as a promising method for PFAS remediation due to its cost-effectiveness and sustainability. For example, waste timber-derived biochar exhibits adsorption efficiency comparable to commercial activated carbon. This review highlights advancements in using agricultural, industrial, and biological waste-derived materials for sustainable PFAS remediation. We discuss innovative modification techniques like hydrothermal synthesis, pyrolysis, calcination, co-precipitation, the sol-gel method, and ball milling. The study also examines adsorption mechanisms, factors affecting adsorption efficiency, and the technological challenges in scaling up waste-derived material use. It aims to explore developments, challenges, and future directions for using these materials for efficient PFAS remediation and contributing to sustainable environmental cleanup solutions.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是合成有机氟化合物，自20世纪50年代以来因其疏水特性而被广泛应用于工业。PFAS对土壤和水的污染因其持久性、化学稳定性和抗降解性而带来重大的环境和公共卫生风险。化学文摘社在全球范围内编录了约4300种PFAS。在北美、亚洲、欧洲和偏远极地等不同地区的研究表明，全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）在各种动物物种的组织中积累，在海豚和鲸鱼等水生物种中的浓度高达1900纳克/克。研究人员采用了各种修复技术，如溶剂萃取、离子交换、沉淀、吸附和膜过滤，但每种技术都有其缺点。吸附，特别是使用生物炭等源自废物的功能材料，因其成本效益和可持续性，正成为一种有前景的PFAS修复方法。例如，源自废木材的生物炭表现出与商业活性炭相当的吸附效率。本综述重点介绍了利用农业、工业和生物废物衍生材料进行可持续PFAS修复的进展。我们讨论了水热合成、热解、煅烧、共沉淀、溶胶 - 凝胶法和球磨等创新改性技术。该研究还考察了吸附机制、影响吸附效率的因素以及扩大源自废物材料使用规模时的技术挑战。其目的是探索利用这些材料进行高效PFAS修复并为可持续环境清理解决方案做出贡献的发展、挑战和未来方向。
