Hamed Ahmed A, Hawwa Mariam T, Baraka Dina M, El-Shora Hamed M, El-Sayyad Gharieb S, Al-Hazmi Nawal E, Hassan Mervat G
Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, P. O. Box 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Apr;298:140073. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140073. Epub 2025 Jan 18.
Microbial metabolic enzymes play a crucial role in several biological processes that have a significant impact on growth and proliferation. Therefore, inhibiting specific key metabolic enzymes can be an applicable approach for developing antimicrobial agents that selectively target pathogens. In the current study, selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) extracellularly biosynthesized by Nocardiopsis sp. MAR13 and Se NPs incorporated with nano-chitosan (NCh) (Se/Ch-nano-incorporate) were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against various microbial pathogens such as Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizoctonia sp., Candida albicans ATCC10231. The synthesized Se NPs, and Se/Ch-nano-incorporate were characterized by UV-Vis., FTIR, HRTEM, SEM, EDX, DLS, Zeta potential, and XRD. Additionally, their inhibition activity against microbial metabolic key enzymes, including phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and nitrate reductase (NR), was assessed. The impact on protein leakage from bacterial cell membranes was also evaluated as a potential mechanism of antimicrobial action. On the other hand, MCF-7 and A549 tumor cell lines, as well as WI-38 normal cell lines, were used to assess their cytotoxic activity. It was found that Se NPs were spherical with a diameter range of 60.2 to 120.2 nm. In contrast, Se/Ch-nano-incorporate had a roughly spherical shape with a diameter range of 21.4 to 32.7 nm and substantially higher stability. Both synthesized agents exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against the most tested microbial pathogens with substantial inhibitory effect on the tested enzymes and notable protein leakage. Furthermore, they showed potent anticancer activity against both tumor cell lines with low cytotoxicity against WI-38 normal cell line. Consequently, Se NPs and Se/Ch-nano-incorporate are highly recommended to be employed as antimicrobial and anticancer agents with promised biosafety, eco-friendliness, and efficacy.
微生物代谢酶在对生长和增殖有重大影响的几个生物学过程中起着关键作用。因此，抑制特定的关键代谢酶可能是开发选择性靶向病原体的抗菌剂的一种可行方法。在本研究中，评估了由诺卡氏菌属MAR13胞外生物合成的硒纳米颗粒（Se NPs）以及与纳米壳聚糖（NCh）结合的硒纳米颗粒（Se/Ch-纳米复合物）对各种微生物病原体的抗菌活性，这些病原体包括伤寒沙门氏菌、普通变形杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、黄曲霉、黑曲霉、丝核菌属、白色念珠菌ATCC10231。通过紫外可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、高分辨透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析、动态光散射、zeta电位和X射线衍射对合成的Se NPs和Se/Ch-纳米复合物进行了表征。此外，评估了它们对微生物代谢关键酶的抑制活性，这些酶包括磷酸葡萄糖异构酶（PGI）、丙酮酸脱氢酶（PDH）、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PDH）和硝酸还原酶（NR）。还评估了对细菌细胞膜蛋白质渗漏的影响，将其作为抗菌作用的一种潜在机制。另一方面，使用MCF-7和A549肿瘤细胞系以及WI-38正常细胞系来评估它们的细胞毒性活性。发现Se NPs呈球形，直径范围为60.2至120.2纳米。相比之下，Se/Ch-纳米复合物呈大致球形，直径范围为21.4至32.7纳米，稳定性显著更高。两种合成制剂对大多数测试的微生物病原体均表现出强大的抗菌活性，对测试酶有显著抑制作用且蛋白质渗漏明显。此外，它们对两种肿瘤细胞系均表现出强大的抗癌活性，而对WI-38正常细胞系的细胞毒性较低。因此，强烈推荐将Se NPs和Se/Ch-纳米复合物用作具有良好生物安全性、生态友好性和有效性的抗菌和抗癌剂。
