Amalia Dwi Octa, Sabarinah Sabarinah, Siregar Kemal N, Hadi Ella Nurlaella
Reproductive Health Study Group, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
Directorate of Nutrition and Maternal and Child Health, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
BMJ Open. 2025 Jan 20;15(1):e090618. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090618.
Childhood violence exposure is a public health concern that has long-term impacts on health and well-being. This study aims to identify the factors contributing to childhood violence exposure.
This study conducted a secondary data analysis to examine childhood violence exposure.
The study uses the National Survey on Children and Adolescents' Life Experience, a cross-sectional national survey conducted by the Indonesian Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection in Indonesia in 2021.
A total of 4903 children aged 13-17 years participated in the survey.
The dependent variable was childhood violence exposure. The independent variables included gender, education level, occupation, living arrangement, orphan status, witnessing violence, marital status and residence. Descriptive statistics, χ test and logistic regression were performed for analysis.
The research findings indicate that nearly half of the children are exposed to violence, with a prevalence rate of 46.2% (95% CI 43.6% to 48.8%), including physical (13.8%), emotional (41.6%) and sexual (6.9%) violence exposure. Factors associated with violence exposure include being a working children (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.48 to 2.32), not living with biological parents (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.54) and witnessing violence in the home or neighbourhood (OR 6.78; 95% CI 5.78 to 7.97), all of which increase the risk of childhood violence exposure.
The findings highlight the necessity to focus on vulnerable groups such as working children, those not living with biological parents and children exposed to violence in the home. Policies and practices should prioritise identifying these at-risk children and provide targeted support through community-based early detection and intervention programmes. Strengthening awareness among stakeholders, including parents, educators and community leaders, will be essential to effectively reduce childhood violence exposure. Future research should explore the practical application of early detection strategies to better support these vulnerable groups.
儿童期遭受暴力是一个公共卫生问题，会对健康和幸福产生长期影响。本研究旨在确定导致儿童期遭受暴力的因素。
本研究进行了二次数据分析，以考察儿童期遭受暴力的情况。
该研究使用了《全国儿童和青少年生活经历调查》，这是印度尼西亚妇女赋权和儿童保护部于2021年在印度尼西亚进行的一项全国性横断面调查。
共有4903名13至17岁的儿童参与了调查。
因变量为儿童期遭受暴力。自变量包括性别、教育水平、职业、居住安排、孤儿身份、目睹暴力情况、婚姻状况和居住地。进行描述性统计、χ检验和逻辑回归分析。
研究结果表明，近一半的儿童遭受过暴力，患病率为46.2%（95%置信区间43.6%至48.8%），包括身体暴力（13.8%）、情感暴力（41.6%）和性暴力（6.9%）。与遭受暴力相关的因素包括为童工（比值比1.85；95%置信区间1.48至2.32）、不与亲生父母同住（比值比1.25；95%置信区间1.02至1.54）以及在家中或社区目睹暴力（比值比6.78；95%置信区间5.78至7.97），所有这些都会增加儿童期遭受暴力的风险。
研究结果凸显了关注弱势群体的必要性，如童工、不与亲生父母同住的儿童以及在家中遭受暴力的儿童。政策和实践应优先识别这些高危儿童，并通过基于社区的早期发现和干预项目提供有针对性的支持。加强包括家长、教育工作者和社区领袖在内的利益相关者的意识，对于有效减少儿童期遭受暴力至关重要。未来的研究应探索早期发现策略的实际应用，以更好地支持这些弱势群体。
