Yan Xiaomin, Liu Yang, Hu Tingsong, Huang Zhenglanyi, Li Chenxi, Guo Lei, Liu Yuhang, Li Nan, Zhang Hailin, Sun Yue, Yi Le, Wu Jianmin, Feng Jiang, Zhang Fuqiang, Jiang Tinglei, Tu Changchun, He Biao
Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
Southern Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
Nat Microbiol. 2025 Feb;10(2):554-568. doi: 10.1038/s41564-024-01884-7. Epub 2025 Jan 20.
Bats are natural hosts for many emerging viruses for which spillover to humans is a major risk, but the diversity and ecology of bat viruses is poorly understood. Here we generated 8,176 RNA viral metagenomes by metatranscriptomic sequencing of organ and swab samples from 4,143 bats representing 40 species across 52 locations in China. The resulting database, the BtCN-Virome, expands bat RNA virus diversity by over 3.4-fold. Some viruses in the BtCN-Virome are traced to mammals, birds, arthropods, mollusks and plants. Diet, infection dynamics and environmental parameters such as humidity and forest coverage shape virus distribution. Compared with those in the wild, bats dwelling in human settlements harboured more diverse viruses that also circulated in humans and domestic animals, including Nipah and Lloviu viruses not previously reported in China. The BtCN-Virome provides important insights into the genetic diversity, ecological drivers and circulation dynamics of bat viruses, highlighting the need for surveillance of bats near human settlements.
蝙蝠是许多新兴病毒的天然宿主，这些病毒溢出传播给人类构成重大风险，但人们对蝙蝠病毒的多样性和生态了解甚少。在这里，我们通过对来自中国52个地点、代表40个物种的4143只蝙蝠的器官和拭子样本进行宏转录组测序，生成了8176个RNA病毒宏基因组。由此产生的数据库BtCN病毒组，将蝙蝠RNA病毒的多样性扩大了3.4倍以上。BtCN病毒组中的一些病毒可追溯到哺乳动物、鸟类、节肢动物、软体动物和植物。饮食、感染动态以及湿度和森林覆盖率等环境参数影响着病毒的分布。与野生蝙蝠相比，生活在人类聚居地的蝙蝠携带了更多种类的病毒，这些病毒也在人类和家畜中传播，包括中国此前未报告过的尼帕病毒和洛维乌病毒。BtCN病毒组为蝙蝠病毒的遗传多样性、生态驱动因素和传播动态提供了重要见解，凸显了对人类聚居地附近蝙蝠进行监测的必要性。
