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INTRODUCTION

Groin pain is a common issue among athletes. Adductor-related pain is known as the most common cause of groin pain. Although, non-operative treatments have limited efficacy, Capacitive and Resistive Energy Transfer (TECAR), can be used in the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions. The objective of the present study is to explore the effect of TECAR therapy on pain, range of motion (ROM), strength, and subscales of the "Copenhagen Thigh and Groin Assessment Scale"(HAGOS) questionnaire in athletes suffering from adductor-related groin pain (ARGP).

METHODS

This study was a two arm parallel groups randomized sham-controlled superiority trial. A total of 22 male professional athletes (mean age 21.36 years) were randomly assigned to either the real TECAR therapy (n = 11) or sham TECAR therapy (n = 11) group, using block-balanced randomization. Both groups received stretching exercises. Intervention group received 10 sessions of TECAR therapy while, the control group received sham TECAR therapy. Primary outcome was pain that was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes included ROM, strength, and HAGOS questionnaire subscales. All outcomes were assessed at baseline, after 5 sessions, after 10 sessions, and one month after treatment. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Analysis of Covariance were used to compare between-group mean differences. P-value was set at 0.05. Effect size Cohen's d was also reported. This study took place from September 2022 to August 2023 at the Rehabilitation Clinic at Iran University of Medical Sciences.

RESULTS

A total of 22 male athletes were included (11 in each group), with a mean age of 21.09 years in the TECAR group and 21.63 years in the sham group. TECAR therapy was associated with significant reductions in pain intensity across all evaluation sessions. Specifically, after 5 sessions, there was a large effect size for pain reduction (p = 0.01, Cohen's d = -1.09 [95% CI: -0.195 to -1.987]); after 10 sessions, the effect was even larger (p = 0.001, Cohen's d = -2.153 [95% CI: -1.103 to -3.203]); and at the 1-month follow-up, the pain reduction persisted (p = 0.001, Cohen's d = -1.96 [95% CI: -0.944 to -2.978]). In terms of secondary outcomes, there was a significant improvement in hip adduction ROM at the 1-month follow-up (p = 0.03, Cohen's d = 0.908 [95% CI: 0.03 to 1.78]). However, no statistically significant differences were found for other secondary outcomes, with effect sizes ranging from no effect to intermediate.

CONCLUSION

The results of this study suggest that TECAR therapy may reduce pain and improve hip adduction range of motion in athletes with adductor-related groin pain.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

This trial was registered at the ( https://www.irct.ir ), (IRCT20220622055250N1) on 18/09/2022.

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

RESULTS

CONCLUSION

The results of this study suggest that TECAR therapy may reduce pain and improve hip adduction range of motion in athletes with adductor-related groin pain.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

This trial was registered at the ( https://www.irct.ir ), (IRCT20220622055250N1) on 18/09/2022.

引言

腹股沟疼痛是运动员中常见的问题。内收肌相关疼痛是腹股沟疼痛最常见的原因。尽管非手术治疗效果有限，但电容式和电阻式能量转移（TECAR）可用于治疗肌肉骨骼疾病。本研究的目的是探讨TECAR疗法对患有内收肌相关腹股沟疼痛（ARGP）的运动员的疼痛、活动范围（ROM）、力量以及“哥本哈根大腿和腹股沟评估量表”（HAGOS）问卷各子量表的影响。

方法

本研究是一项双臂平行组随机假对照优效性试验。共有22名男性职业运动员（平均年龄21.36岁）通过区组平衡随机化被随机分配到真正的TECAR疗法组（n = 11）或假TECAR疗法组（n = 11）。两组均接受拉伸运动。干预组接受10次TECAR疗法治疗，而对照组接受假TECAR疗法治疗。主要结局是通过视觉模拟量表（VAS）测量的疼痛。次要结局包括ROM、力量和HAGOS问卷子量表。所有结局在基线、5次治疗后、10次治疗后以及治疗后1个月进行评估。采用方差分析（ANOVA）和协方差分析比较组间平均差异。P值设定为0.05。还报告了效应大小科恩d值。本研究于2022年9月至2023年8月在伊朗医科大学康复诊所进行。

结果

共纳入22名男性运动员（每组11名），TECAR组平均年龄为21.09岁，假治疗组平均年龄为21.63岁。TECAR疗法在所有评估阶段均与疼痛强度的显著降低相关。具体而言，5次治疗后，疼痛减轻的效应大小较大（p = 0.01，科恩d = -1.09 [95% CI：-0.195至-1.987]）；10次治疗后，效果更大（p = 0.001，科恩d = -2.153 [95% CI：-1.103至-3.203]）；在1个月随访时，疼痛减轻持续存在（p = 0.001，科恩d = -1.96 [95% CI：-0.944至-2.978]）。就次要结局而言，在1个月随访时，髋关节内收ROM有显著改善（p = 0.03，科恩d = 0.908 [95% CI：0.03至1.78]）。然而，其他次要结局未发现统计学显著差异，效应大小从无效应到中等效应不等。