Fan Xuemin, Sun Xiao-Qi, Zhu Penghao, Fang Yuqiang, Ju Yongkang, Yuan Yonghao, Yan Jingming, Huang Fuqiang, Hughes Taylor L, Tang Peizhe, Xue Qi-Kun, Li Wei
State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China.
Natl Sci Rev. 2024 Sep 5;12(2):nwae312. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwae312. eCollection 2025 Feb.
To achieve logic operations via Majorana braiding, positional control of the Majorana bound states (MBSs) must be established. Here we report the observation of a striped surface charge order coexisting with superconductivity and its interaction with the MBS in the topological superconductor 2M-WS, using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. By applying an out-of-plane magnetic field, we observe that MBSs are absent in vortices in the region with stripe order. This is in contrast to adjacent underlaying layers without charge order, where vortex-bound MBSs are observed. Via theoretical simulations, we show that the surface stripe order does not destroy the bulk topology, but it can effectively modify the spatial distribution of MBSs, i.e. it pushes them downward, away from the 2M-WS surface. Our findings demonstrate that the interplay of charge order and topological superconductivity can potentially be used to tune the positions of MBSs, and to explore new states of matter.
为了通过马约拉纳编织实现逻辑运算，必须建立对马约拉纳束缚态（MBS）的位置控制。在此，我们报告利用低温扫描隧道显微镜观察到在拓扑超导体2M-WS₂中存在与超导共存的条纹表面电荷序及其与MBS的相互作用。通过施加面外磁场，我们观察到在具有条纹序的区域中，涡旋内不存在MBS。这与相邻的无电荷序底层不同，在那里观察到了涡旋束缚的MBS。通过理论模拟，我们表明表面条纹序不会破坏体拓扑结构，但它可以有效地改变MBS的空间分布，即它将MBS向下推，远离2M-WS₂表面。我们的研究结果表明，电荷序与拓扑超导之间的相互作用有可能用于调节MBS的位置，并探索新的物质状态。
