Gharban Hasanain A J
Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wasit, Wasit, Iraq.
Vet Med (Praha). 2024 Dec 27;69(12):403-412. doi: 10.17221/54/2024-VETMED. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) develops from complex interactions among environmental, host and pathogenic factors. This study aimed to phenotypically identify isolated from cattle with BRD and assess antimicrobial susceptibility and determining the molecular phylogeny of local strains. Between November 2023 and March 2024, nasal swabs were collected from 93 cattle with BRD, before culturing for phenotypic analysis, and performing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for molecular characterisation. Of the 93 samples evaluated, 15.79% and 24.56% tested positive for isolates on culture and PCR, respectively. The local isolates exhibited high resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, amikacin, nalidixic acid and ceftazidime; high susceptibility to azithromycin, levofloxacin, gentamicin, ofloxacin, cefepime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, nitrofurantoin, ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin; and moderate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, colistin, imipenem and meropenem. Multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree analysis and homology sequence identification, showed that the five positive isolates were similar to the reference isolate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that has been isolated in cattle with BRD in Iraq. Because phenotype-based assays show limited accuracy to identify species, we recommend molecular and phylogenetic analysis be included in all similar studies in the future.
牛呼吸道疾病（BRD）由环境、宿主和致病因素之间的复杂相互作用引发。本研究旨在从患有BRD的牛身上表型鉴定分离株，评估抗菌药物敏感性并确定本地菌株的分子系统发育。在2023年11月至2024年3月期间，从93头患有BRD的牛身上采集鼻拭子，在进行培养以进行表型分析之前，进行聚合酶链反应（PCR）以进行分子特征分析。在评估的93个样本中，培养和PCR检测中分离株的阳性率分别为15.79%和24.56%。本地分离株对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、阿米卡星、萘啶酸和头孢他啶表现出高耐药性；对阿奇霉素、左氧氟沙星、庆大霉素、氧氟沙星、头孢吡肟、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、呋喃妥因、头孢他啶和环丙沙星表现出高敏感性；对环丙沙星、黏菌素、亚胺培南和美罗培南表现出中度敏感性。多序列比对、系统发育树分析和同源序列鉴定表明，这五个阳性分离株与参考分离株相似。据我们所知，这是首次在伊拉克患有BRD的牛身上分离出[具体物质未提及]。由于基于表型的检测在鉴定物种方面准确性有限，我们建议未来所有类似研究都应纳入分子和系统发育分析。
