Khan Yumna, Hussain Md Sadique, Ramalingam Prasanna Srinivasan, Fatima Rabab, Maqbool Mudasir, Ashique Sumel, Khan Najeeb Ullah, Bisht Ajay Singh, Gupta Gaurav
Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, PO Box 25130, Pakistan.
Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India.
Mol Biol Rep. 2025 Jan 21;52(1):142. doi: 10.1007/s11033-025-10263-2.
Chemotherapy resistance (CR) represents one of the most important barriers to effective oncological therapy and often leads to ineffective intervention and unfavorable clinical prognosis. Emerging studies have emphasized the vital significance of extracellular RNA (exRNA) in influencing CR. This thorough assessment intends to explore the multifaceted contributions of exRNA, such as exosomal RNA, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, to CR in cancer. We discuss the mechanisms by which exRNA facilitates drug resistance, such as modulating gene expression, influencing the tumor microenvironment, and facilitating intercellular communication. Furthermore, we examine the potential of exRNA as prognostic factor for determining oncology treatment efficacy and their emerging role as therapeutic targets. Diagnostic and prognostic applications of exRNA biomarkers are considered, alongside current methodologies for their detection and quantification. Additionally, we review recent advances in exRNA-targeted therapies, highlighting ongoing clinical trials and therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming chemoresistance. Despite the promise of exRNA research, several challenges remain, including technical limitations and the biological complexity of exRNA networks. This review underscores the importance of continued investigation into exRNA biology and its therapeutic potential, which in the future may provide new avenues for cancer treatment and tailored medical strategies. By elucidating the role of exRNA in CR, this article aims to provide a comprehensive resource for researchers and clinicians seeking to improve the effectiveness of carcinoma management approaches.
化疗耐药性是有效肿瘤治疗最重要的障碍之一，常常导致干预无效和临床预后不良。新兴研究强调了细胞外RNA（exRNA）在影响化疗耐药性方面的至关重要性。这项全面评估旨在探讨外泌体RNA、微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA等exRNA在癌症化疗耐药性中的多方面作用。我们讨论了exRNA促进耐药性的机制，如调节基因表达、影响肿瘤微环境和促进细胞间通讯。此外，我们研究了exRNA作为确定肿瘤治疗疗效的预后因素的潜力及其作为治疗靶点的新作用。考虑了exRNA生物标志物的诊断和预后应用，以及目前检测和定量它们的方法。此外，我们回顾了exRNA靶向治疗的最新进展，重点介绍了正在进行的临床试验和旨在克服化疗耐药性的治疗策略。尽管exRNA研究前景广阔，但仍存在一些挑战，包括技术限制和exRNA网络的生物学复杂性。这篇综述强调了持续研究exRNA生物学及其治疗潜力的重要性，未来这可能为癌症治疗和个性化医疗策略提供新途径。通过阐明exRNA在化疗耐药性中的作用，本文旨在为寻求提高癌症管理方法有效性的研究人员和临床医生提供全面的资源。
