Liu Yu, Dang Yalong
The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
Henan International Joint Laboratory of Outflow Engineering, Sanmenxia Central Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Sanmenxia, 47200, China.
Curr Drug Targets. 2025;26(6):382-393. doi: 10.2174/0113894501359801250102055530.
Myopia is one of the most common eye diseases worldwide, with an increasing incidence observed in recent years. Globally, effective treatments for myopia have been extensively explored. In recent years, research on drugs for the treatment of myopia has become a popular topic in ophthalmology, with some breakthroughs having been achieved. Compared with surgical treatment, drug treatment is easier for people to accept. Although the efficacy of some drugs in delaying the development of myopia has been confirmed, the mechanism and site of action of some drugs are still not completely clear.
In this study, we review the recent related research on drug therapy for myopia at home and abroad, describe the mechanism of various drugs in treating myopia, evaluate their clinical application value, and identify existing problems.
These drugs include atropine, a series of anticholinergic drugs, dopamine agonists, 7- methylxanthine, and intraocular pressure-lowering drugs.
Results highlight the efficacy of atropine in myopia treatment with minimal side effects. Anticholinergic medications, such as atropine, have demonstrated efficacy in managing the progression of myopia with a reduced incidence of adverse effects. The emphasis is placed on achieving better long-term effectiveness and minimizing the rebound effect after treatment is stopped. Furthermore, participating in outdoor activities and reducing eye strain are proven strategies for preventing myopia.
近视是全球最常见的眼部疾病之一，近年来其发病率呈上升趋势。在全球范围内，人们对近视的有效治疗方法进行了广泛探索。近年来，治疗近视药物的研究已成为眼科领域的热门话题，并取得了一些突破。与手术治疗相比，药物治疗更容易被人们接受。尽管一些药物延缓近视发展的疗效已得到证实，但部分药物的作用机制和作用部位仍不完全清楚。
在本研究中，我们回顾了国内外近期关于近视药物治疗的相关研究，阐述了各类药物治疗近视的机制，评估了它们的临床应用价值，并找出存在的问题。
这些药物包括阿托品、一系列抗胆碱能药物、多巴胺激动剂、7-甲基黄嘌呤和降眼压药物。
结果凸显了阿托品在治疗近视方面的疗效且副作用最小。抗胆碱能药物，如阿托品，已证明在控制近视进展方面有效，且不良反应发生率降低。重点在于实现更好的长期疗效，并在停止治疗后将反弹效应降至最低。此外，参加户外活动和减轻眼疲劳是预防近视的经证实的策略。
