Al Ghadeer Hussain A, Alherz Ahmed H, Albattat Fatimah S, Alkhamis Mohammed A, Alamer Mohammed H, Almulaifi Luay F, Al Ali Ali I, Al Nowaiser Nazihah A, Aldandan Zakariya S, Al Khamis Abdullah H, Bumejdad Ali N, Alali Ameen A, Aljubarah Zainab A, Almeshari Abdullah H, AlJumaah Mohammed A
Paediatrics, Maternity and Children Hospital, AlAhsa, SAU.
Neonatology, Maternity and Children Hospital, AlAhsa, SAU.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 22;16(12):e76184. doi: 10.7759/cureus.76184. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Background Maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known risk factor for congenital heart diseases (CHDs), which are of significant concern to infants born to diabetic mothers. Compared to newborns born to non-diabetic mothers, infants born to diabetic mothers had a higher overall risk of developing congenital malformations. This association has a complex pathophysiology that includes genetic predispositions, metabolic abnormalities, and environmental factors during key stages of fetal development. By developing screening strategies for neonates born to diabetic mothers, it will be imperative to reduce preventable neonatal mortality by healthcare providers. Purpose The primary objective of this study was to explore the spectrum of congenital heart defects (infants of diabetic mothers, IDMs). Methods This exploratory study was conducted at the maternity and children's hospital in AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia, from 2022 to 2023. The study included 401 neonates delivered at our institution. Within the first seven days of life, an expert pediatric cardiologist from the same institute performed echocardiography on all patients. Results A total of 401 infants born to diabetic mothers were selected, with 293 meeting the inclusion criteria. In total, 144 (49.1%) were boys and 149 (50.9%) were girls. Nearly more than half of mothers (189, 64.5%) had gestational diabetes, while 104 (35.5%) had pre-gestational diabetes. Out of 293 infants born to diabetic mothers, 200 (68.3%) had various CHDs, while the remaining 93 (31.7%) were found to be normal after echocardiography. The most commonly reported CHD is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (71.5%), followed by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (36.5%) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) (11%), and only one patient has a complex congenital heart disease. Conclusion More than half of the infants born to diabetic mothers had congenital heart defects, according to the current study, which examined the various types of congenital heart diseases in neonates of diabetic mothers. It thus emphasizes the necessity of a thorough evaluation and the strong recommendation for an early diagnosis of CHD in this high-risk group. In our population, prenatal CHD screening programs need to be developed.
孕产妇糖尿病（DM）是先天性心脏病（CHD）的已知危险因素，这对糖尿病母亲所生婴儿而言至关重要。与非糖尿病母亲所生新生儿相比，糖尿病母亲所生婴儿发生先天性畸形的总体风险更高。这种关联具有复杂的病理生理学，包括遗传易感性、代谢异常以及胎儿发育关键阶段的环境因素。通过为糖尿病母亲所生新生儿制定筛查策略，医疗服务提供者减少可预防的新生儿死亡率将势在必行。
本研究的主要目的是探索先天性心脏缺陷（糖尿病母亲的婴儿，IDMs）的范围。
这项探索性研究于2022年至2023年在沙特阿拉伯艾哈萨的妇幼医院进行。该研究纳入了在我们机构分娩的401名新生儿。在出生后的前七天内，来自同一机构的一名专业儿科心脏病专家对所有患者进行了超声心动图检查。
总共选取了401名糖尿病母亲所生婴儿，其中293名符合纳入标准。总共有144名（49.1%）为男孩，149名（50.9%）为女孩。近一半以上的母亲（189名，64.5%）患有妊娠期糖尿病，而104名（35.5%）患有孕前糖尿病。在293名糖尿病母亲所生婴儿中，200名（68.3%）患有各种先天性心脏病，而其余93名（31.7%）在超声心动图检查后被发现正常。最常报告的先天性心脏病是动脉导管未闭（PDA）（71.5%），其次是肥厚型心肌病（36.5%）和室间隔缺损（VSD）（11%），只有一名患者患有复杂先天性心脏病。
根据当前这项对糖尿病母亲所生新生儿的各种先天性心脏病进行检查的研究，超过一半的糖尿病母亲所生婴儿患有先天性心脏病。因此，这强调了对这一高危群体进行全面评估的必要性以及强烈推荐早期诊断先天性心脏病。在我们的人群中，需要制定产前先天性心脏病筛查计划。
