Okobi Okelue E, Khoury Paola, De la Vega Raul J, Figueroa Raphael S, Desai Dhaarak, Mangiliman Bernadin Dina A, Vera Colon Olga L, Urruela-Barrios Rodolfo J, Abdussalam Abdul K, Diaz-Miret Miguel, Hernandez Borges Sergio
Family Medicine, Medficient Health Systems, Laurel, USA.
Family Medicine, Lakeside Medical Center, Belle Glade, USA.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 21;16(12):e76139. doi: 10.7759/cureus.76139. eCollection 2024 Dec.
The purpose of this review is to explore the relationship between weight loss (WL), specifically reductions in body mass index (BMI), and increases in testosterone levels. Obesity and excess body fat are linked to reduced testosterone levels, which can lead to metabolic dysfunctions, reduced libido, and diminished muscle mass. To attain this purpose, this review will summarize current evidence on how weight reduction interventions, including dietary changes, exercise, and bariatric surgery, affect testosterone production in overweight and obese individuals. WL, particularly through fat reduction, has a positive influence on testosterone levels. Both moderate and significant reductions in BMI are associated with notable increases in serum testosterone levels. Dietary interventions, particularly low-carbohydrate and Mediterranean diets, have been linked to increased testosterone production in men with obesity. Exercise, particularly resistance training, has also been shown to improve hormonal profiles by lowering fat mass and boosting testosterone levels. Additionally, bariatric surgery has been identified as one of the most effective methods for increasing testosterone in morbidly obese individuals, with improvements sustained over time. The findings have indicated that there is strong evidence that WL, particularly through reductions in BMI, leads to increased testosterone levels. This relationship is mediated by improvements in insulin sensitivity, reduced inflammation, and lower levels of aromatase activity (the enzyme that converts testosterone to estrogen in fat tissue). Effective interventions, including diet, exercise, and bariatric surgery, have the potential to restore hormonal balance, improving overall health outcomes for men with obesity or higher BMI. Further research is needed to optimize interventions and explore long-term benefits.
本综述的目的是探讨体重减轻(WL),特别是体重指数(BMI)的降低与睾酮水平升高之间的关系。肥胖和过多的体脂与睾酮水平降低有关,这可能导致代谢功能障碍、性欲降低和肌肉量减少。为实现这一目的,本综述将总结当前关于减肥干预措施(包括饮食改变、运动和减肥手术)如何影响超重和肥胖个体睾酮生成的证据。体重减轻,特别是通过减少脂肪,对睾酮水平有积极影响。BMI的适度和显著降低都与血清睾酮水平的显著升高有关。饮食干预,特别是低碳水化合物饮食和地中海饮食,与肥胖男性睾酮生成增加有关。运动,特别是抗阻训练,也已被证明可以通过降低脂肪量和提高睾酮水平来改善激素状况。此外,减肥手术已被确定为增加病态肥胖个体睾酮的最有效方法之一,且改善效果能长期维持。研究结果表明,有强有力的证据表明体重减轻,特别是通过降低BMI,会导致睾酮水平升高。这种关系是由胰岛素敏感性的改善、炎症的减轻以及芳香化酶活性(在脂肪组织中将睾酮转化为雌激素的酶)水平的降低介导的。有效的干预措施,包括饮食、运动和减肥手术,有可能恢复激素平衡,改善肥胖或BMI较高男性的整体健康状况。需要进一步研究以优化干预措施并探索长期益处。
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