Lin Bingyu, Liu Yanfei, Chen Qiwen, Li Mingfeng, Xu Lishang, Chen Qianqian, Tan Yifu, Liu Zhenbao
Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P. R. China.
Small Methods. 2025 Apr;9(4):e2401501. doi: 10.1002/smtd.202401501. Epub 2025 Jan 22.
Current tumor vaccines suffer from inadequate immune responsive due to the insufficient release of tumor antigens, low tumor infiltration, and immunosuppressive microenvironment. DNA nanostructures with their ability to precisely engineer, controlled release, biocompatibility, and the capability to augment the immunogenicity of tumor microenvironment, have gained significant attention for their potential to revolutionize vaccine designing. This review summarizes various applications of DNA nanostructures in the construction of in situ cancer vaccines, which can generate tumor-associated antigens directly from damaged tumors for cancer immune-stimulation. The mechanisms and components of cancer vaccines are listed, the specific strategies for constructing in situ vaccines using DNA nanostructures are explored and their underlying mechanisms of action are elucidated. The immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by chemotherapeutic agents, photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and radiation therapy (RT) and the related cancer vaccines building strategies are systematically summarized. The applications of different DNA nanostructures in various cancer immunotherapy are elaborated, which exerts precise, long-lasting, and robust immune responses. The current challenges and future prospectives are proposed. This review provides a holistic understanding of the evolving role of DNA nanostructures for in situ vaccine development.
目前的肿瘤疫苗存在免疫反应不足的问题，原因包括肿瘤抗原释放不足、肿瘤浸润率低以及免疫抑制微环境。DNA纳米结构具有精确设计、控释、生物相容性以及增强肿瘤微环境免疫原性的能力，因其在革新疫苗设计方面的潜力而备受关注。本综述总结了DNA纳米结构在构建原位癌症疫苗中的各种应用，原位癌症疫苗可直接从受损肿瘤中产生肿瘤相关抗原以刺激癌症免疫。列出了癌症疫苗的机制和组成部分，探讨了使用DNA纳米结构构建原位疫苗的具体策略，并阐明了其潜在作用机制。系统总结了化疗药物、光热疗法（PTT）、光动力疗法（PDT）和放射疗法（RT）诱导的免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD）以及相关的癌症疫苗构建策略。阐述了不同DNA纳米结构在各种癌症免疫治疗中的应用，其可产生精确、持久且强大的免疫反应。提出了当前面临的挑战和未来展望。本综述全面介绍了DNA纳米结构在原位疫苗开发中不断演变的作用。
