Peters Brandilyn A, Xue Xiaonan, Hanna David B, Wang Yi, Wang Zheng, Sharma Anjali, Floris-Moore Michelle, Konkle-Parker Deborah, Alcaide Maria L, Sheth Anandi N, Topper Elizabeth F, Weber Kathleen M, Tien Phyllis C, Merenstein Daniel, Vásquez Elizabeth, Chen Yue, Mimiaga Matthew J, Stosor Valentina, Brown Todd T, Erlandson Kristine M, Dillon Stephanie M, Elsayed Noha S, Usyk Mykhaylo, Sollecito Christopher C, Kaplan Robert C, Burk Robert D, Qi Qibin
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2025 Apr 15;231(4):981-992. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiae644.
Aging-related comorbidities are more common in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compared to people without HIV. The gut microbiome may play a role in healthy aging; however, this relationship remains unexplored in the context of HIV.
16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted on stool from 1409 women (69% with HIV; 2304 samples) and 990 men (54% with HIV; 1008 samples) in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study. Associations of age with gut microbiome diversity, uniqueness, and genus-level abundance were examined in women and men separately, followed by examining relationships of aging-related genera with frailty (Fried frailty phenotype) and mortality risk (Veterans Aging Cohort Study [VACS] index).
Older age was associated with greater microbiome diversity and uniqueness, greater abundance of Akkermansia and Streptococcus, and lower abundance of Prevotella and Faecalibacterium, among others; findings were generally consistent by sex and HIV status. An aging-related microbiome score, generated via combination of 18 age-related genera, significantly increased with age in both women and men independently of demographic, behavioral, and cardiometabolic factors. In general, age was more strongly related to microbiome features (eg, diversity, microbiome score) in men without compared to with HIV, but age-microbiome associations were similar in women with and without HIV. Some age-related genera associated with healthy/unhealthy aging, such as Faecalibacterium (related to reduced frailty) and Streptococcus (related to higher VACS index).
Age is associated with consistent changes in the gut microbiome in both women and men with or without HIV. Some aging-related microbiota are associated with aging-related declines in health.
与未感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的人相比，与衰老相关的合并症在HIV感染者中更为常见。肠道微生物群可能在健康衰老中发挥作用；然而，在HIV背景下，这种关系仍未得到探索。
在MACS/WIHS联合队列研究中，对1409名女性（69%感染HIV；2304份样本）和990名男性（54%感染HIV；1008份样本）的粪便进行16S rRNA基因测序。分别在女性和男性中检查年龄与肠道微生物群多样性、独特性和属水平丰度的关联，然后检查与衰老相关的属与虚弱（Fried虚弱表型）和死亡风险（退伍军人衰老队列研究[VACS]指数）的关系。
年龄较大与微生物群多样性和独特性增加、阿克曼氏菌和链球菌丰度增加、普雷沃氏菌和粪杆菌丰度降低等有关；这些发现一般在性别和HIV状态方面是一致的。通过结合18个与年龄相关的属生成的与衰老相关的微生物群评分，在女性和男性中均随年龄显著增加，且独立于人口统计学、行为和心脏代谢因素。一般而言，与未感染HIV的男性相比，年龄与微生物群特征（如多样性、微生物群评分）在感染HIV的男性中关系更强，但在感染和未感染HIV的女性中，年龄与微生物群的关联相似。一些与健康/不健康衰老相关的与年龄相关的属，如粪杆菌（与虚弱减轻有关）和链球菌（与较高的VACS指数有关）。
无论是否感染HIV，年龄与男性和女性肠道微生物群的一致变化有关。一些与衰老相关的微生物群与衰老相关的健康下降有关。
