Mortey Obed, Mugford Gerald, Aubrey-Bassler Kris, Mariathas Hensley H, Odimba Ugochukwu, Gao Zhiwei
Faculty of Medicine, Division of Population Health and Applied Health Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
Factableulty of Medicine, Discipline of Family Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 22;20(1):e0317688. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0317688. eCollection 2025.
The number of persons living with multimorbidity-defined as the co-occurrence of at least two chronic conditions in the same individual-is growing globally, especially in developed countries. Traditionally, this increase has been attributed to a growing aging population, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, low socioeconomic status, and individual genetic susceptibility.
To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of the most common multimorbidity (MCM) among Canadian middle-aged and older adults.
Relevant data on all 30,097 middle-aged and older Canadian adults (aged 45 to 85 years) from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging were used for this study. To identify the specific sociodemographic risk factors associated with the MCM, we used survey-specific logistic regression.
Overall, co-occurrence of osteoarthritis and hypertension was identified as the MCM among Canadian adults aged 45+ with an estimated prevalence of 16.5%. The results from multivariate analysis showed that seven factors were significantly associated with increased odds of the MCM, which included increasing age, being retired from work (retired vs not retired), poorer rating of perceived health, (very good, good, poor vs excellent), increasing problems with sleep quality (satisfied, dissatisfied vs neutral), and abnormal body-mass index (underweight, overweight, obese vs normal). Also, residents in other urban centres had significantly lower odds than those in urban core. Persons living in Atlantic Canada, Ontario and Quebec were at increased odds of having the MCM compared to those in British Columbia. The odds of the MCM associated with increasing age was significantly higher among Females (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.11-1.13) than Males (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.07-1.10).
Multimorbidity is a common feature among Canadian adults. The identification of the most prevalent patterns and associated risk factors in this study provides fresh insights into the etiology, progression, and possible prevention of the MCM among Canadian adults.
患有多种疾病（定义为同一个体中至少同时存在两种慢性病）的人数在全球范围内不断增加，尤其是在发达国家。传统上，这种增长归因于人口老龄化加剧、久坐不动的生活方式、肥胖、社会经济地位低下以及个体遗传易感性。
调查加拿大中老年成年人中最常见的多种疾病（MCM）的患病率及相关危险因素。
本研究使用了来自加拿大老龄化纵向研究的所有30,097名加拿大中老年成年人（年龄在45至85岁之间）的相关数据。为了确定与MCM相关的具体社会人口学危险因素，我们使用了特定调查的逻辑回归分析。
总体而言，骨关节炎和高血压同时存在被确定为45岁及以上加拿大成年人中的MCM，估计患病率为16.5%。多变量分析结果显示，七个因素与MCM发生几率增加显著相关，包括年龄增长、退休（已退休与未退休）、自我感知健康状况较差（非常好、好、差与优秀）、睡眠质量问题增加（满意、不满意与中性）以及身体质量指数异常（体重过轻、超重、肥胖与正常）。此外，其他城市中心的居民患病几率明显低于城市核心地区的居民。与不列颠哥伦比亚省的居民相比，居住在加拿大大西洋省份、安大略省和魁北克省的居民患MCM的几率更高。女性（比值比=1.12，95%置信区间=1.11 - 1.13）与MCM相关的年龄增长几率显著高于男性（比值比=1.08，95%置信区间=1.07 - 1.10）。
多种疾病是加拿大成年人中的一个常见特征。本研究中确定的最普遍模式及相关危险因素，为加拿大成年人中MCM的病因、进展及可能的预防提供了新的见解。
