Della Posta Susanna, Cutè Erica, De Gara Laura, Fanali Chiara
Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
J Chromatogr A. 2025 Feb 22;1743:465695. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2025.465695. Epub 2025 Jan 18.
Spirulina is a unicellular microalga, characterized by blue/green color, that has received significant attention for its interesting nutritional composition. Phenolic compounds and phycocyanin (PC) are responsible for the many biological activities of Spirulina. Spirulina phenolic compounds are usually extracted using organic solvents, while PC is extracted with water or phosphate buffer solution, obtaining an extract characterized by low stability and low purity. Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are green solvents, widely applied for bioactive molecules extraction, composed by two or more molecules which act as hydrogen bond acceptor or hydrogen bond donor to create an eutectic mixture. A Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES), is a DES composed only by natural compounds. This work aimed to optimize a green extraction procedure based on NADES to obtain an extract rich in phenolic compounds and PC from Spirulina. The application of NADESs as extraction solvents is an important strategy for recovering phenolic compounds and to increase and stabilize the protein PC. The optimized extraction procedure involved to use a betaine-glucose NADES under the following conditions: matrix-to-solvent ratio of 1:20 (w/w), temperature of 50 °C and one hour as extraction time. The developed extraction procedure guaranteed to recover a phenolic compounds and PC quantity of 11.77 ± 1.23 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents) and 27.56 ± 2.46 g per g of Spirulina powder respectively. PC in the NADES extract degraded more slowly than in an aqueous extract. The extract phenolic compounds profile was determined through high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis.
螺旋藻是一种单细胞微藻，呈蓝绿色，因其有趣的营养成分而备受关注。酚类化合物和藻蓝蛋白（PC）是螺旋藻具有多种生物活性的原因。螺旋藻酚类化合物通常用有机溶剂提取，而PC用水或磷酸盐缓冲溶液提取，得到的提取物稳定性低、纯度低。深共熔溶剂（DESs）是绿色溶剂，广泛应用于生物活性分子的提取，由两个或多个充当氢键受体或氢键供体的分子组成，形成共熔混合物。天然深共熔溶剂（NADES）是一种仅由天然化合物组成的DES。这项工作旨在优化基于NADES的绿色提取工艺，以从螺旋藻中获得富含酚类化合物和PC的提取物。应用NADES作为提取溶剂是回收酚类化合物以及增加和稳定蛋白质PC的重要策略。优化的提取工艺包括在以下条件下使用甜菜碱 - 葡萄糖NADES：基质与溶剂的比例为1:20（w/w），温度为50°C，提取时间为1小时。所开发的提取工艺保证每克螺旋藻粉分别回收11.77±1.23毫克GAE（没食子酸当量）的酚类化合物和27.56±2.46克的PC。NADES提取物中的PC比水提取物中的降解更慢。通过高效液相色谱 - 质谱联用分析确定提取物中酚类化合物的谱图。
