Zhou Jingjie, Pan Wankun, Tang Sheng, Ma Qingxu, Mi Wenhai, Wu Lianghuan, Liu Xiu
Innovation Center for Saline-alkali Land Comprehensive Utilization, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
J Environ Manage. 2025 Feb;375:124158. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124158. Epub 2025 Jan 21.
Plastic film mulching is a potentially water-saving cultivation strategy, while straw return coupled with nitrogen (N) fertilization can ensure sustainable soil productivity and increased soil organic matter (SOM) sequestration. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of how soil quality and agronomic productivity respond to long-term N fertilization and straw incorporation practices under non-flooded conditions with plastic film mulching remains elusive. Herein, a 15-year field experiment with straw incorporation practices (straw return and no straw return) under various N fertilization rates (N0, N1, N2, N3, and N4: 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg N ha, respectively) was conducted to explore their long-term effects. Compared with N0, N fertilization significantly improved rice yield (52.2-74.0%) and plant N uptake (50.1-96.8%). Effective panicle density was the primary component affecting rice yield under different N conditions. However, N use efficiency was lowest under 180 kg N ha. N fertilization primarily impacted rice yield by directly supplying N for rice growth, accounting for 79% of the rice yield variation. The modest enhancement in rice yield resulting from straw return was attributed to its positive effects on soil physicochemical properties. Straw return increased alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, Olsen-phosphorus, and NHOAc-exchangeable potassium by 3.4%, 10.4%, and 38.5%, respectively. N fertilization rates altered the impact of straw return on SOM; SOM increased in N2 and N4 under straw return, whereas no difference was observed between the straw management groups under N0, N1, or N3 fertilization. Moreover, while higher N fertilization rates decreased the soil quality index (SQI), straw return offset this negative effect. Considering rice yield, N use efficiency, and SQI, straw return treatment coupled with N application rate of 135 kg ha was deemed suitable for sustainable rice production with plastic film mulching.
地膜覆盖是一种潜在的节水栽培策略，而秸秆还田并配施氮肥可以确保土壤生产力的可持续性并增加土壤有机碳（SOM）固存。然而，对于在非淹水条件下地膜覆盖下土壤质量和农艺生产力如何响应长期氮肥施用和秸秆还田措施，仍缺乏全面的了解。在此，进行了一项为期15年的田间试验，设置了不同氮肥施用量（N0、N1、N2、N3和N4：分别为0、45、90、135和180 kg N ha）下的秸秆还田措施（秸秆还田和不秸秆还田），以探究其长期影响。与N0相比，氮肥显著提高了水稻产量（52.2 - 74.0%）和植株氮吸收量（50.1 - 96.8%）。有效穗密度是不同氮条件下影响水稻产量的主要因素。然而，在180 kg N ha时氮肥利用效率最低。氮肥主要通过直接为水稻生长供应氮来影响水稻产量，占水稻产量变异的79%。秸秆还田使水稻产量适度提高归因于其对土壤理化性质的积极影响。秸秆还田使碱解氮、有效磷和醋酸铵交换性钾分别增加了3.4%、10.4%和38.5%。氮肥施用量改变了秸秆还田对土壤有机碳的影响；秸秆还田条件下，N2和N4处理的土壤有机碳增加，而在N0、N1或N3施肥条件下，秸秆管理组之间未观察到差异。此外，虽然较高的氮肥施用量降低了土壤质量指数（SQI），但秸秆还田抵消了这种负面影响。综合考虑水稻产量、氮肥利用效率和土壤质量指数，秸秆还田处理并配施135 kg ha的氮肥被认为适合地膜覆盖下的水稻可持续生产。
