Martin Guillaume, Istace Benjamin, Baurens Franc-Christophe, Belser Caroline, Hervouet Catherine, Labadie Karine, Cruaud Corinne, Noel Benjamin, Guiougou Chantal, Salmon Frederic, Mahadeo Joël, Ahmad Fajarudin, Volkaert Hugo A, Droc Gaëtan, Rouard Mathieu, Sardos Julie, Wincker Patrick, Yahiaoui Nabila, Aury Jean-Marc, D'Hont Angélique
CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Montpellier, France.
UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
Nat Commun. 2025 Jan 23;16(1):961. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-56329-4.
Hybridization between wild Musa species and subspecies from Southeast Asia is at the origin of cultivated bananas. The genomes of these cultivars are complex mosaics involving nine genetic groups, including two previously unknown contributors. This study provides continuous genome assemblies for six wild genetic groups, one of which represents one of the unknown ancestor, identified as M.acuminata ssp. halabanensis. The second unknown ancestor partially present in a seventh assembly appears related to M. a. ssp. zebrina. These assemblies provide key resources for banana genetics and for improving cultivar assemblies, including that of the emblematic triploid Cavendish. Comparative and phylogenetic analyses reveal an ongoing speciation process within Musa, characterised by large chromosome rearrangements and centromere differentiation through the integration of different types of repeated sequences, including rDNA tandem repeats. This speciation process may have been favoured by reproductive isolation related to the particular context of climate and land connectivity fluctuations in the Southeast Asian region.
野生芭蕉属物种与东南亚亚种之间的杂交是栽培香蕉的起源。这些栽培品种的基因组是复杂的镶嵌体，涉及九个基因群，其中包括两个此前未知的贡献者。本研究提供了六个野生基因群的连续基因组组装，其中一个代表未知祖先之一，被鉴定为尖叶蕉亚种哈拉巴蕉。部分存在于第七个组装中的第二个未知祖先似乎与尖叶蕉亚种条纹蕉有关。这些组装为香蕉遗传学和改进栽培品种组装（包括标志性的三倍体卡文迪什香蕉）提供了关键资源。比较和系统发育分析揭示了芭蕉属内正在进行的物种形成过程，其特征是通过整合不同类型的重复序列（包括核糖体DNA串联重复序列）发生大规模染色体重排和着丝粒分化。这种物种形成过程可能受到与东南亚地区气候和陆地连通性波动的特殊背景相关的生殖隔离的促进。
