Mercer Tom
Centre for Psychological Research, School of Psychology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2025 Feb 14;78(9):17470218251317191. doi: 10.1177/17470218251317191.
Proactive interference occurs when older memories interfere with current information processing and retrieval. It is often explained with reference to familiarity, where the reappearance of highly familiar items from the recent past produces more disruption than older, less familiar items. However, there are other forms of familiarity beyond recency that may be important, and these were explored in a verbal recent-probes task. Participants viewed eight targets per trial and then determined whether a probe matched any of those targets. Probes matching a target from the previous trial, rather than an earlier trial, led to more errors, revealing proactive interference. However, this effect was influenced by experimental familiarity (whether stimuli were repeated or unique) and pre-experimental familiarity (whether stimuli were meaningful words or meaningless non-words). Specifically, proactive interference was strongest for repeated non-words, and smallest for unique non-words, but stimulus repetition had little impact for words. In addition, the time separating trials (temporal familiarity) was unrelated to proactive interference. The present findings revealed more complex effects of familiarity than have previously been assumed. To understand proactive interference in a working memory task, it is necessary to consider the role of long-term memory via experimental and pre-experimental stimulus familiarity.
当旧记忆干扰当前信息处理和检索时，就会发生前摄干扰。它通常是根据熟悉度来解释的，即近期出现的高度熟悉的项目的再次出现比旧的、不太熟悉的项目产生更多的干扰。然而，除了近期性之外，还有其他形式的熟悉度可能很重要，并且在一项言语近期探测任务中对这些进行了探究。参与者每次试验查看八个目标，然后确定一个探测刺激是否与这些目标中的任何一个匹配。与前一次试验的目标匹配的探测刺激，而不是更早试验的目标匹配的探测刺激，会导致更多错误，这表明存在前摄干扰。然而，这种效应受到实验熟悉度（刺激是重复的还是独特的）和实验前熟悉度（刺激是有意义的单词还是无意义的非单词）的影响。具体而言，前摄干扰对重复的非单词最强，对独特的非单词最小，但刺激重复对单词影响不大。此外，试验之间的时间间隔（时间熟悉度）与前摄干扰无关。目前的研究结果揭示了比以前所假设的更复杂的熟悉度效应。为了理解工作记忆任务中的前摄干扰，有必要通过实验和实验前刺激熟悉度来考虑长期记忆的作用。
