Chen Dan-Dan, Tu Jin-Heng, Ling Ke-Nan, Jin Xiao-Hong, Huang Hai-Yan
School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Jan 8;12:1463676. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1463676. eCollection 2024.
Climate change is reshaping public health, introducing extreme weather conditions and environmental stressors-such as high temperatures, atmospheric pollution, desertification, and storms (rain, thunder, and hail)-that critically impact mental health. Evidence increasingly links these factors to higher rates of suicide-related outcomes, including suicidal ideation, attempts, and self-harm. Such interactions underscore the importance of understanding how climate-driven mental health risks vary by environmental factor and gender, as gender-specific vulnerabilities shape responses to climate stressors.
By April 16, 2024, we conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Scopus, ProQuest, and Embase. Two researchers independently reviewed studies and collected demographic data, systematically tracking and recording rates of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, suicide deaths, self-harm, and anxiety. Data were rigorously cross-verified for accuracy and consistency.
The meta-analysis demonstrated significant associations between climate change variables and mental health outcomes. High temperatures and air pollution were linked to increased suicide attempts (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.34-1.45) and suicide deaths (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.44-1.58), particularly among males. Conversely, atmospheric pollution and desertification correlated with a reduced likelihood of suicidal ideation (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.63-0.85). These findings highlight gender-specific mental health impacts, with females exhibiting higher rates of anxiety and self-harm, underscoring the urgent need for targeted interventions addressing climate-induced mental health risks.
This systematic review and meta-analysis reveal significant gender-specific mental health impacts of climate change, with females experiencing higher rates of anxiety, self-harm, and suicidal ideation, while males show greater incidences of suicide attempts and deaths. These findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted interventions and the integration of mental health services into climate policies to address these gender disparities.
This study is registered with PROSPERO [PROSPERO (york.ac.uk)] under the identifier [CRD42024534961].
气候变化正在重塑公共卫生状况，带来极端天气条件和环境压力源，如高温、大气污染、荒漠化和风暴（降雨、雷电和冰雹），这些对心理健康产生了严重影响。越来越多的证据将这些因素与自杀相关后果的较高发生率联系起来，包括自杀意念、自杀未遂和自我伤害。这种相互作用凸显了了解气候驱动的心理健康风险如何因环境因素和性别而异的重要性，因为特定性别的脆弱性塑造了对气候压力源的反应。
截至2024年4月16日，我们对PubMed、科学网、考克兰图书馆、PsycINFO、Scopus、ProQuest和Embase进行了全面检索。两名研究人员独立审查研究并收集人口统计学数据，系统地跟踪和记录自杀意念、自杀未遂、自杀死亡、自我伤害和焦虑的发生率。对数据进行了严格的交叉验证以确保准确性和一致性。
荟萃分析表明气候变化变量与心理健康结果之间存在显著关联。高温和空气污染与自杀未遂（比值比：1.40，95%置信区间：1.34 - 1.45）和自杀死亡（比值比：1.51，95%置信区间：1.44 - 1.58）增加有关，尤其是在男性中。相反，大气污染和荒漠化与自杀意念的可能性降低相关（比值比：0.73，95%置信区间：0.63 - 0.85）。这些发现突出了特定性别的心理健康影响，女性表现出更高的焦虑和自我伤害发生率，强调了针对气候引起的心理健康风险进行有针对性干预的迫切需求。
这项系统评价和荟萃分析揭示了气候变化对特定性别心理健康的显著影响，女性经历更高的焦虑、自我伤害和自杀意念发生率，而男性的自杀未遂和死亡发生率更高。这些发现强调了迫切需要进行有针对性的干预，并将心理健康服务纳入气候政策以解决这些性别差异。
本研究已在PROSPERO [PROSPERO (york.ac.uk)] 注册，标识符为 [CRD42024534961]。
