Jiang Min, Hong Chao, Zou Wenkui, Ye Zheng, Lu Lu, Liu Yun, Zhang Tong, Ding Yue
School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2025 Jan 7;15:1469392. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1469392. eCollection 2024.
Abnormal cholesterol metabolism has become a popular therapeutic target in cancer therapy. In recent years there has been a surge in interest in the anti-tumor activities of saponins, particularly their ability to disrupt cholesterol homeostasis in tumor cells. Cholesterol regulation by saponins is a complex process that involves multiple mechanisms. However, there are now a notable dearth of comprehensive reviews addressing their anti-tumor effects through cholesterol modulation. This review will explore the intricate mechanisms by which saponins regulate cholesterol, including modulation of synthesis, metabolism, and uptake, as well as complex formation with cholesterol. It will also outline how saponins exert their anti-cancer activities through cholesterol regulation, enhancing cytotoxicity, inhibiting tumor cell metastasis, reversing drug resistance, inducing immunotoxin macromolecule escape, and ferroptosis. This comprehensive analysis offers insights into the potential for the use of saponins anti-tumor therapies and their combinations with other drugs, advancing the understanding of their effects on cancer cells.
异常的胆固醇代谢已成为癌症治疗中一个热门的治疗靶点。近年来，人们对皂苷的抗肿瘤活性，尤其是其破坏肿瘤细胞胆固醇稳态的能力的兴趣激增。皂苷对胆固醇的调节是一个涉及多种机制的复杂过程。然而，目前明显缺乏关于通过胆固醇调节其抗肿瘤作用的全面综述。本综述将探讨皂苷调节胆固醇的复杂机制，包括对合成、代谢和摄取的调节，以及与胆固醇形成复合物。它还将概述皂苷如何通过胆固醇调节发挥其抗癌活性，增强细胞毒性、抑制肿瘤细胞转移、逆转耐药性、诱导免疫毒素大分子逃逸和铁死亡。这一全面分析为皂苷在抗肿瘤治疗中的应用潜力及其与其他药物的联合使用提供了见解，增进了对其对癌细胞作用的理解。
