Alrawashdeh Haneen, Sethi Ahsan, Awaisu Ahmed, Mukhalalati Banan
QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar.
Pharmacy (Basel). 2025 Jan 15;13(1):5. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy13010005.
Experiential learning is a vital component of health-professional education. It provides students with the opportunity to apply their knowledge in real-life settings before becoming licensed practitioners. Preceptors (i.e., practice educators) play a crucial role in developing students' professional skills and competencies, as well as shaping their attitude during their clinical training. Ensuring preceptors' quality and preparedness is a key aspect in students' experiential learning due to the important impact of the provided training on the quality of the students' learning experience. There is a knowledge gap about the desired attributes of pharmacy preceptors in the Gulf region, specifically Qatar, highlighting the need to explore preceptors' views on this topic.
The aim of this scoping review is to identify the available tools in the literature to explore the desirable attributes of pharmacy preceptors as clinical educators. The objectives are to explore the reported desirable attributes of clinical preceptors in the published literature and select and utilize an appropriate tool to identify the desirable attributes of pharmacy preceptors in Qatar.
The scoping review was designed to identify the relevant original research articles, which were published in English language, utilizing CINAHL, ERIC, ProQuest, and PubMed databases. Key concepts were preceptorship, attributes, pharmacy, and tools. Quantitative and mixed-methods study designs were included. The included articles were summarized according to their design, setting, population, and outcomes. The validity of the used instruments in these studies was reported.
A total of six articles qualified for inclusion into the full screening and were used to inform the results of this review. Skills like being a role model, assessment, and feedback expertise were of the highly important attributes to different populations (i.e., students, graduates, and preceptors). The review revealed the need for more validated tools in pharmacy research to increase the knowledge about the desired qualities of preceptors. Finally, a list of the most reported attributes in the literature was created after grouping all the reported attributes into five categories: (1) knowledge, teaching, and presentation skills; (2) professionalism and development skills; (3) communication skills; (4) supportive mentoring; and (5) enthusiasm and interest.
the top three identified attributes were related to communication, assessment and feedback, and professionalism. The results of this review demonstrated a lack of well-designed and validated tools in pharmacy research that can be used to explore the desirable attributes of pharmacy preceptors. This necessitates further research to develop and validate a new appropriate tool to ultimately understand the perceptions of pharmacy preceptors on this topic. Including more databases in the research could have enriched the findings.
体验式学习是健康专业教育的重要组成部分。它为学生提供了在成为执业医师之前将知识应用于实际环境的机会。带教老师（即实践教育工作者）在培养学生的专业技能和能力以及在临床培训期间塑造他们的态度方面发挥着关键作用。由于所提供的培训对学生学习体验质量的重要影响，确保带教老师的素质和准备情况是学生体验式学习的一个关键方面。关于海湾地区，特别是卡塔尔的药学带教老师所需特质存在知识差距，这凸显了探索带教老师对该主题看法的必要性。
本范围综述的目的是确定文献中可用于探索药学带教老师作为临床教育工作者所需特质的工具。目标是探索已发表文献中报道的临床带教老师所需特质，并选择和使用合适的工具来确定卡塔尔药学带教老师所需特质。
范围综述旨在利用CINAHL、ERIC、ProQuest和PubMed数据库识别以英文发表的相关原创研究文章。关键概念是带教、特质、药学和工具。纳入了定量和混合方法的研究设计。根据文章的设计、背景、人群和结果对纳入的文章进行了总结。报告了这些研究中使用工具的有效性。
共有6篇文章符合纳入全面筛选的条件，并用于为本次综述的结果提供信息。诸如成为榜样、评估和反馈专业知识等技能对不同人群（即学生、毕业生和带教老师）来说是非常重要的特质。综述表明，药学研究需要更多经过验证的工具，以增加对带教老师所需品质的了解。最后，在将所有报告的特质分为五类后，创建了文献中报告最多的特质列表：（1）知识、教学和演示技能；（2）专业精神和发展技能；（3）沟通技能；（4）支持性指导；（5）热情和兴趣。
确定的前三个特质与沟通、评估和反馈以及专业精神有关。本次综述的结果表明，药学研究中缺乏精心设计和经过验证的工具，可用于探索药学带教老师所需特质。这就需要进一步研究来开发和验证一种新的合适工具，以最终了解药学带教老师对该主题的看法。在研究中纳入更多数据库可能会丰富研究结果。
