Johnson Quincy R, Yang Yang, Cabarkapa Dimitrije, Stock Shane, Gleason Dalton, Akehi Kazuma, Sealey Dayton, Frels Clay, Smith Douglas B, Fry Andrew C
Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory-Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
Athletics Department, University of Nebraska-Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USA.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2025 Jan 3;10(1):19. doi: 10.3390/jfmk10010019.
The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to profile body composition and physical fitness characteristics of collegiate American football starters and (b) to examine differences in key performance indicators across position groups. These indicators included select measures of body composition, joint kinematics, as well as muscular strength and power.
Sixteen National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division-II American football athletes (age: 22.25 ± 1.1 years; height: 183.75 ± 7.8 cm; and body mass: 97.22 ± 20.39 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. A Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks test with Dunn test post-hoc adjustments was used to examine position differences between Line ( = 3), Big Skill ( = 6), and Skill ( = 7) position groups with α priori set at < 0.05.
The findings of this study suggest that significant differences in body composition ( = 0.004), muscular strength ( = 0.01), and muscular power ( = 0.03) exist between position groups. However, no significant differences were observed in joint kinematics as assessed by the bilateral squat test ( > 0.05).
Therefore, key findings from this study suggest that although significant differences in body composition, muscular strength, and muscular power exist, an emphasis should be placed on the regular assessment, development, and maintenance of optimal joint kinematics within collegiate American football populations as this appears to be a shared key performance indicator among starters.
本研究有两个目的：(a) 剖析美国大学橄榄球首发球员的身体成分和身体素质特征；(b) 检验各位置组关键绩效指标的差异。这些指标包括身体成分的选定测量指标、关节运动学指标以及肌肉力量和功率。
16名美国国家大学体育协会（NCAA）二级橄榄球运动员（年龄：22.25±1.1岁；身高：183.75±7.8厘米；体重：97.22±20.39千克）自愿参与本研究。采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和单向方差分析及Dunn检验进行事后调整，以检验锋线组（n = 3）、大技巧组（n = 6）和技巧组（n = 7）之间的位置差异，α预先设定为<0.05。
本研究结果表明，各位置组在身体成分（p = 0.004）、肌肉力量（p = 0.01）和肌肉功率（p = 0.03）方面存在显著差异。然而，通过双侧深蹲测试评估的关节运动学方面未观察到显著差异（p>0.05）。
因此，本研究的主要发现表明，尽管在身体成分、肌肉力量和肌肉功率方面存在显著差异，但应重视对美国大学橄榄球运动员群体中最佳关节运动学的定期评估、发展和维持，因为这似乎是首发球员共有的关键绩效指标。
