Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Sep;24(9):2300-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181dc4255.
The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal effects of a strength and conditioning program on selected body composition and performance data over 4 consecutive years of training. Body mass, percent body fat, lean body mass, proagility (18.3 m shuttle), 36.6-m (40-yd) sprint, bench press, chin-ups, vertical jump, and power index data for 84 National Collegiate Athletic Association division IA collegiate football players were examined. In addition to examining data on all athletes, data were analyzed on specific groups categorized by position. Groups were categorized as (a) skill (wide receivers, defensive backs, and running backs), (b) big skill (linebackers, kickers, tight ends, quarterbacks, and specialists), and (c) line (offensive and defensive linemen). Data on each individual performance criteria were analyzed using pairwise t-tests to indicate changes from year to year. Results for all participants showed that the greatest number of significant improvements among test parameters occurred during the first year of training. Years 2-4 of training demonstrated inconsistent improvement among the test parameters. Bench press performance significantly improved throughout 4 years of training among all participants. Data analysis from specific position groups also revealed the greatest number of significant improvements occurred during the first year of training. Overall, the results of this study clearly demonstrate that the greatest rate of improvement in the selected performance parameters occurred during the initial year of the strength and conditioning program. This study provides valuable information for coaches to establish appropriate progression and program variation guidelines for athletes over consecutive years of training.
本研究旨在考察一项力量与体能训练计划对连续 4 年训练中特定身体成分和表现数据的纵向影响。对 84 名美国全国大学体育协会一级分区大学生足球运动员的体重、体脂百分比、瘦体重、前向敏捷性（18.3 米穿梭跑）、36.6 米（40 码）冲刺跑、卧推、引体向上、垂直跳和力量指数数据进行了检测。除了对所有运动员的数据进行检测外，还对按位置分类的特定群体的数据进行了分析。这些群体被分为（a）技术（外接手、防守后卫和跑卫）、（b）高技能（线卫、踢球手、近端锋、四分卫和特勤组球员）和（c）线卫（进攻和防守线卫）。使用配对 t 检验对每个个体表现标准的数据进行了分析，以表明每年的变化。所有参与者的数据结果表明，在训练的第一年，测试参数中出现了最多的显著改善。在训练的第 2-4 年，测试参数的改善不一致。在所有参与者中，卧推表现都在 4 年的训练中得到了显著改善。特定位置群体的数据分析也显示，在训练的第一年，出现了最多的显著改善。总的来说，这项研究的结果清楚地表明，在力量与体能训练计划的初始阶段，所选表现参数的改善速度最快。本研究为教练提供了有价值的信息，以便为运动员在连续多年的训练中制定适当的进展和计划变化指南。
