Kant Sara Bashir, Bashir Roshaan, Khan Bilal, Shabbir Nosheena A, Nizami Awais A, Akbar Amna, Khan Marriam, Ali Hasnain
Public Health and Community Medicine, Azad Jammu and Kashmir Medical College, Muzaffarabad, PAK.
Pediatrics, Alnafees Medical College and Hospital, Islamabad, PAK.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 24;16(12):e76316. doi: 10.7759/cureus.76316. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Objective This cross-sectional study explored the interplay between breastfeeding patterns, gut microbiota composition, anemia, and cardiovascular risk in lactating mothers. The study examined how these factors contribute to postpartum maternal and infant health outcomes. Methods Forty-five lactating mothers, with a mean age of 32.73 years, participated in the study. Data on breastfeeding patterns, gut microbiota composition, anemia, and cardiovascular risk factors were collected. Microbial diversity was assessed, and associations with comorbidities and infections were explored. Statistical analyses, including chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, were performed to evaluate the relationships between these variables. Results Among the participants, 35.6% practiced exclusive breastfeeding, and 46.7% were classified as obese (BMI ≥30). Gut microbiota analysis revealed a prevalence of (31.1%) and Lactobacillus (26.7%). Mothers with lower microbial diversity exhibited higher rates of infections (31.1% yeast infections and 26.7% UTIs) and comorbidities, including gestational diabetes (42.2%) and hypertension (13.3%). Cardiovascular risk was elevated among obese mothers, with 37.8% requiring cardiac medications. Anemia was prevalent, with 42.2% of mothers on folic acid supplements and 31.1% on iron supplements. Conclusion The study highlighted significant associations between obesity, gut microbiota diversity, and cardiovascular risk. Exclusive breastfeeding was linked to a higher prevalence of anemia treatment, suggesting potential nutritional challenges. Further research is necessary to develop interventions targeting maternal health during lactation.
目的 本横断面研究探讨了哺乳期母亲的母乳喂养模式、肠道微生物群组成、贫血与心血管风险之间的相互作用。该研究考察了这些因素如何影响产后母婴健康结局。方法 45名平均年龄为32.73岁的哺乳期母亲参与了本研究。收集了关于母乳喂养模式、肠道微生物群组成、贫血和心血管危险因素的数据。评估了微生物多样性，并探讨了其与合并症和感染的关联。进行了包括卡方检验和柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验在内的统计分析，以评估这些变量之间的关系。结果 在参与者中，35.6%的人进行纯母乳喂养，46.7%的人被归类为肥胖（BMI≥30）。肠道微生物群分析显示，[此处原文缺失某种微生物名称]的患病率为31.1%，乳酸杆菌的患病率为26.7%。微生物多样性较低的母亲感染率较高（31.1%为酵母菌感染，26.7%为尿路感染），合并症发生率也较高，包括妊娠期糖尿病（42.2%）和高血压（13.3%）。肥胖母亲的心血管风险升高，37.8%的人需要服用心脏药物。贫血很普遍，42.2%的母亲服用叶酸补充剂，31.1%的母亲服用铁补充剂。结论 该研究突出了肥胖、肠道微生物群多样性与心血管风险之间的显著关联。纯母乳喂养与贫血治疗的较高患病率相关，提示可能存在营养挑战。有必要进一步开展研究，以制定针对哺乳期母亲健康的干预措施。
