Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Nov 27;11:603021. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.603021. eCollection 2020.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a worldwide public health problem affecting up to 27% of pregnancies with high predictive values for childhood obesity and inflammatory diseases. Compromised seeding of the infant gut microbiota is a risk factor for immunologic and metabolic diseases in the offspring; however, how GDM along with maternal obesity interact to alter colonization remains unknown. We hypothesized that GDM individually and in combination with maternal overweight/obesity would alter gut microbial composition, diversity, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in neonates. We investigated 46 full-term neonates born to normal-weight or overweight/obese mothers with and without GDM, accounting for confounders including cesarean delivery, lack of breastfeeding, and exposure to antibiotics. Gut microbiota in 2-week-old neonates born to mothers with GDM exhibited differences in abundance of 26 microbial taxa; 14 of which showed persistent differential abundance after adjusting for pre-pregnancy BMI. Key pioneering gut taxa, including potentially important taxa for establishing neonatal immunity, were reduced. , , , and unspecified families in were significantly reduced in neonates from mothers with GDM. GDM was associated with an increase in microbes involved in suppressing early immune cell function (). No differences in infant stool SCFA levels by maternal phenotype were noted; however, significant correlations were found between microbial abundances and SCFA levels in neonates. Our results suggest that GDM alone and together with maternal overweight/obesity uniquely influences seeding of specific infant microbiota in patterns that set the stage for future risk of inflammatory and metabolic disease.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，影响高达 27%的妊娠，对儿童肥胖和炎症性疾病具有较高的预测价值。婴儿肠道微生物群定植受损是后代免疫和代谢性疾病的危险因素；然而，GDM 如何与母体肥胖相互作用以改变定植仍不清楚。我们假设 GDM 单独以及与母体超重/肥胖相结合会改变新生儿的肠道微生物组成、多样性和短链脂肪酸（SCFA）水平。我们调查了 46 名足月出生的婴儿，他们的母亲体重正常或超重/肥胖，并且患有或不患有 GDM，考虑到混杂因素，包括剖宫产、缺乏母乳喂养和暴露于抗生素。患有 GDM 的母亲所生的 2 周龄新生儿的肠道微生物群在 26 种微生物类群的丰度上存在差异；其中 14 种在调整孕前 BMI 后仍表现出持续的差异丰度。关键的先驱肠道类群，包括对建立新生儿免疫力很重要的潜在重要类群，减少了。在 GDM 新生儿中，属于、和未指定科的微生物减少了。GDM 与抑制早期免疫细胞功能的微生物增加有关（）。未观察到母体表型对婴儿粪便 SCFA 水平的差异；然而，在新生儿中发现了微生物丰度与 SCFA 水平之间的显著相关性。我们的研究结果表明，GDM 单独以及与母体超重/肥胖共同独特地影响特定婴儿微生物群的定植，从而为未来炎症和代谢性疾病的风险奠定基础。
