2020年1月1日至2022年4月6日美国对有传播严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2感染风险人员实施的公共卫生旅行限制措施

Public Health Travel Restrictions Implemented for Persons at Risk of Transmitting SARS-CoV-2 Infection-United States, January 1, 2020-April 6, 2022.

作者信息

Surpris Amethyst Clare A, Jungerman M Robynne, Preston Leigh Ellyn, Gertz Alida M, Duong Krista K, Roy Sheila, Morales Mayra, Olmstead John, Delea Kristin, Alvarado-Ramy Francisco, Brown Clive, Chen Tai-Ho

机构信息

Author Affiliations: Division of Global Migration Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Ms Surpris, Ms Jungerman, Dr Preston, Dr Gertz, Ms Duong, Dr Roy, Ms Morales, Mr Olmstead, Ms Delea, Dr Alvarado-Ramy, Dr Brown, and Dr Chen); Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologist (CSTE) Fellow, Atlanta, Georgia (Mr Olmstead); and University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida (Ms Surpris).

出版信息

J Public Health Manag Pract. 2025;31(3):472-476. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000002105. Epub 2025 Jan 24.

DOI:10.1097/PHH.0000000000002105

PMID:39851264

Abstract

CONTEXT

Federal public health travel restrictions (FPHTR) in the United States are implemented for persons who meet specific criteria to prevent spread of communicable diseases of public health concern. FPHTR can mitigate the risk of disease transmission during air travel and mitigating disease translocation between geographic areas.

OBJECTIVE

To characterize and determine the extent of FPHTR implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

DESIGN

Secondary data analysis.

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS

This report reviewed the U.S. public health response for 3010 persons traveling within, into, and out of, the U.S. who were placed on federal public health travel restrictions during the COVID-19 outbreak from January 1, 2020 to April 6, 2022.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE

Total number and characteristics of persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection or high-risk exposure added to FPHTR.

RESULTS

During this period, FPHTR were implemented for 3010/5460 (55%) persons who were reported to CDC as having tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, or being identified as close contacts of a person with COVID-19, with intention to travel. Of those added to FPHTR lists, 2023/3010 (67%) had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 975/3010 (32%) were close contacts, and 12/3010 (0.4%) were reasonably believed to have COVID-19 but later confirmed to have another diagnosis and removed. Twenty-six percent (793/3010) of SARS-CoV-2-related FPHTR were for persons reported to CDC after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at a testing site located within a U.S. airport.

CONCLUSIONS

The extensive application of FPHTR for more than 3000 persons over a period of 29 months during the COVID-19 pandemic was unprecedented. The additional use of FPHTR required extraordinary effort and collaboration among CDC staff and local/state public health agencies for case investigation, reporting, exchange of information, and communication with travelers for case management. Use of this tool should be considered within the context current transmission risk and disease severity.

摘要

背景

美国实施联邦公共卫生旅行限制（FPHTR），针对符合特定标准的人员，以防止引起公共卫生关注的传染病传播。FPHTR可降低航空旅行期间疾病传播风险，并减少地理区域间的疾病转移。

目的

描述并确定COVID-19大流行期间FPHTR的实施程度。

设计

二次数据分析。

地点和参与者

本报告回顾了2020年1月1日至2022年4月6日COVID-19疫情期间，3010名在美国境内、入境美国和出境美国旅行且被实施联邦公共卫生旅行限制的人员的美国公共卫生应对措施。

主要结局指标

被添加到FPHTR的SARS-CoV-2感染或高风险暴露人员的总数及特征。

结果

在此期间，FPHTR适用于向疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）报告SARS-CoV-2检测呈阳性或被确定为COVID-19患者密切接触者且有旅行意向的3010/5460（55%）人员。在被添加到FPHTR名单的人员中，2023/3010（67%）确诊感染SARS-CoV-2，975/3010（32%）为密切接触者，12/3010（0.4%）被合理认为感染COVID-19，但后来确诊为其他疾病并被移除。26%（793/3010）与SARS-CoV-2相关的FPHTR针对在位于美国机场内的检测点SARS-CoV-2检测呈阳性后向CDC报告的人员。