Sopilidis Aris, Stamatopoulos Vasileios, Giannatos Vasileios, Taraviras Georgios, Panagopoulos Andreas, Taraviras Stavros
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Asklepiou Street 1, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece.
Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Patras, Asklepiou Street 1, Rio, 26504 Patras, Greece.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2025 Jan 7;12(1):39. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering12010039.
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most injured ligaments, with approximately 100,000 ACL reconstructions taking place annually in the United States. In order to successfully manage ACL rupture, it is of the utmost importance to understand the anatomy, unique physiology, and biomechanics of the ACL, as well as the injury mechanisms and healing capacity. Currently, the "gold standard" for the treatment of ACL ruptures is surgical reconstruction, particularly for young patients or athletes expecting to return to pivoting sports. Although ACL reconstruction boasts a high success rate, patients may face different, serious post-operative complications, depending on the type of graft and technique used in each one of them. Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that could contribute to the formation of a tissue-engineered ACL graft manufactured by a combination of the appropriate stem-cell type, a suitable scaffold, and specific growth factors, combined with mechanical stimuli. In this review, we discuss the aspects that constitute the creation of a successful tissue-engineered graft while also underlining the current drawbacks that arise for each issue. Finally, we highlight the benefits of incorporating new technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning that could revolutionize tissue engineering.
前交叉韧带（ACL）是最易受伤的韧带之一，在美国，每年约有10万例ACL重建手术。为了成功处理ACL断裂，了解ACL的解剖结构、独特生理学、生物力学以及损伤机制和愈合能力至关重要。目前，治疗ACL断裂的“金标准”是手术重建，特别是对于期望重返旋转运动的年轻患者或运动员。尽管ACL重建成功率很高，但根据所使用的移植物类型和技术，患者可能会面临不同的严重术后并发症。组织工程是一个多学科领域，它可以通过将合适的干细胞类型、合适的支架和特定生长因子相结合，并辅以机械刺激，来促进组织工程化ACL移植物的形成。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了构成成功的组织工程化移植物的各个方面，同时也强调了当前每个问题所产生的缺点。最后，我们强调了引入人工智能和机器学习等新技术的好处，这些技术可能会给组织工程带来变革。
