University of Bern, Medical Faculty, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Murtenstrasse 35, CH-3008 Bern,
Eur Cell Mater. 2022 Aug 8;44:21-42. doi: 10.22203/eCM.v044a02.
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most frequently injured ligament in the knee. The current method to treat the injured ligament is reconstruction using autografts and allografts. Reconstruction requires the regeneration of ligament, bone and their interface to ensure proper recovery. Recently, researchers have focused on using tissue-engineered scaffolds made of synthetic materials and biomaterials -such as collagen, decellularised tissues, silk and synthetic polymers produced following different manufacturing methods - for ACL reconstruction,. Different materials can be easily processed using various fabrication methods for mimicking the mechanical properties of the ACL. The advances in technologies play an important role in the production of constructions that can mimic native ACL.. The present review addresses integrative scaffold design, different challenges in the potential materials and manufacturing methods as well as future strategies for ACL repair. Furthermore, the review provides a road map to 3D printing combined with organ-on-chip technology to demonstrate the potential for cost-effective and user-friendly fabrication methods for ACL engineering. Finally, it underlines the potential of 3D bioprinting and organ-on-chip technologies for micro-engineering of ligaments and their associated environment.
前交叉韧带（ACL）是膝关节最常受伤的韧带。目前治疗受伤韧带的方法是使用自体移植物和同种异体移植物进行重建。重建需要韧带、骨及其界面的再生，以确保适当的恢复。最近，研究人员专注于使用组织工程支架，这些支架由合成材料和生物材料制成，例如胶原蛋白、脱细胞组织、丝绸和通过不同制造方法生产的合成聚合物，用于 ACL 重建。不同的材料可以使用各种制造方法轻松加工，以模拟 ACL 的机械性能。技术的进步在可以模拟天然 ACL 的结构的生产中起着重要作用。本综述述了综合支架设计、潜在材料和制造方法的不同挑战以及 ACL 修复的未来策略。此外，该综述提供了一个路线图，将 3D 打印与器官芯片技术相结合，以展示用于 ACL 工程的具有成本效益和用户友好的制造方法的潜力。最后，它强调了 3D 生物打印和器官芯片技术在韧带及其相关环境的微观工程中的潜力。
