Emhjellen Petter Espeseth, Starrfelt Randi, Raudeberg Rune, Hassel Bjørnar
Department of Neurohabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Brain Sci. 2025 Jan 10;15(1):56. doi: 10.3390/brainsci15010056.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Prosopagnosia is the inability to recognize people by their faces. Developmental prosopagnosia is the hereditary or congenital variant of the condition. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the assessment of developmental prosopagnosia in a clinical context, using a combination of commercially available clinical assessment tools and experimental tools described in the research literature.
We conducted a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment of a man with Tourette syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The patient (ON) had experienced difficulties with face identity recognition throughout his life but believed they were caused by a lack of interest in others.
The neuropsychological assessment revealed varying degrees of difficulties primarily related to executive functions, attention, reaction time, and memory processes, as expected in a person with Tourette's syndrome and ADHD. In addition, ON reported severe problems with face recognition on a prosopagnosia questionnaire and demonstrated severely impaired performance on tests of face memory and face perception commonly used to diagnose prosopagnosia. Interestingly, he reported familial face recognition problems on the maternal side of the family, while tics and ADHD symptoms occurred on the paternal side. This suggests that, in this case, the conditions were likely inherited through different genetic pathways.
Proper assessment of face recognition problems, which includes a broad spectrum of clinical assessment tools, could help patients develop awareness and acceptance of themselves and their difficulties, and could serve as a basis for the development of clinical interventions. While ON's DP, Tourette syndrome, and ADHD may have distinct genetic origins, impairment in face identity recognition has been observed across several neurodevelopmental conditions and is likely more common than currently thought.
背景/目的：面孔失认症是指无法通过面部识别他人。发育性面孔失认症是该病症的遗传性或先天性变体。本研究的目的是在临床环境中，结合市售临床评估工具和研究文献中描述的实验工具，对面孔失认症进行评估。
我们对一名患有图雷特综合征和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的男性进行了全面的神经心理学评估。患者（ON）一生都在面部识别方面存在困难，但认为这是由于对他人缺乏兴趣所致。
神经心理学评估显示，正如患有图雷特综合征和ADHD的人所预期的那样，主要在执行功能、注意力、反应时间和记忆过程方面存在不同程度的困难。此外，ON在面孔失认症问卷中报告了严重的面部识别问题，并且在常用于诊断面孔失认症的面部记忆和面部感知测试中表现出严重受损。有趣的是，他报告说在母系家族中存在家族性面部识别问题，而抽搐和ADHD症状出现在父系家族中。这表明，在这种情况下，这些病症可能是通过不同的遗传途径遗传的。
对面部识别问题进行适当评估，包括广泛的临床评估工具，有助于患者认识和接受自己及自身困难，并可为临床干预措施的制定提供依据。虽然ON的发育性面孔失认症、图雷特综合征和ADHD可能有不同的遗传起源，但在几种神经发育病症中都观察到了面部识别受损情况，而且可能比目前认为的更为常见。
