Simpson Melanie A
Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7622, USA.
Cells. 2025 Jan 18;14(2):139. doi: 10.3390/cells14020139.
Hyaluronan (HA) is a critical component of cell and tissue matrices and an important signaling molecule. The enzymes that synthesize and process HA, as well as the HA receptors through which the signaling properties of HA are transmitted, have been identified in extracellular vesicles and implicated in context-specific processes associated with health and disease. The goal of this review is to present a comprehensive summary of the research on HA and its related receptors and enzymes in extracellular vesicle biogenesis and the cellular responses to vesicles bearing these extracellular matrix modulators. When present in extracellular vesicles, HA is assumed to be on the outside of the vesicle and is sometimes found associated with CD44 or the HAS enzyme itself. Hyaluronidases may be inside the vesicles or present on the vesicle surface via a transmembrane domain or GPI linkage. The implication of presenting these signals in extracellular vesicles is that there is a greater range of systemic distribution and more complex delivery media than previously thought for secreted HA or hyaluronidase alone. Understanding the context for these HA signals offers new diagnostic and therapeutic insight.
透明质酸（HA）是细胞和组织基质的关键成分，也是一种重要的信号分子。在细胞外囊泡中已鉴定出合成和加工HA的酶，以及传递HA信号特性的HA受体，它们参与了与健康和疾病相关的特定背景过程。本综述的目的是全面总结关于HA及其相关受体和酶在细胞外囊泡生物发生以及细胞对携带这些细胞外基质调节剂的囊泡的反应方面的研究。当HA存在于细胞外囊泡中时，它被认为位于囊泡外部，有时会发现它与CD44或HAS酶本身相关联。透明质酸酶可能在囊泡内部，或者通过跨膜结构域或糖基磷脂酰肌醇连接存在于囊泡表面。在细胞外囊泡中呈现这些信号的意义在于，与单独分泌的HA或透明质酸酶相比，其系统分布范围更广，传递介质更复杂。了解这些HA信号的背景为诊断和治疗提供了新的见解。
